1884.] REVIEWS OF BOOKS. 147 



other substance not obtainable from the distillation of coal at 

 temperatures between about 350° F. and 760° F. 



"2. It must yield from 65 to 70 per cent, of products when 

 distUled from its boiling-point to 610° ¥. 



" 3. By repeated agitation with successive portions of a solution 

 of caustic soda of specific gravity 1-125 (25° Twaddell) the distillate 

 must yield not less than 1 per cent, of crude carbolic and crysilic 

 acid (crude coal-tar acids). 



" 4. The creosoting liquor shall not contain less than 2 nor 

 more than 30 per cent, of constituents that do not distil over at a 

 teraperatiire of 610° F. 



"5. It should be completely fluid when raised to a temperature 

 of about 95° F., and remain so on cooling down to a temperature 

 of 85° F. 



" 6. The specific gravity of the liquor must not be less than 1035, 

 and not more than 1065, water being 1000 at a temperature of 

 60° F." 



Allgcmeiiic Forst- und Jafjd-Zeitung : The Chncrid Joxtrnal of Forestry 

 and the Chase. Published by J. D. Sauerlaender, Frankfort- 

 on-the-Maine. 



The Forst- und Jagd-Zeitumj for November contains an article of 

 great interest and considerable length by Dr. D. Brandis, late In- 

 spector-General of Forests in British India. It is entitled, " On Fire- 

 Cultivation in the East Indian Hills, more particularly in Burma," 

 and it was written to be read at the last meeting of the Westphalia 

 and Lower Ilhine Forest Association, on tlie 29 th of July. It was 

 not, however, read there, as the author was unfortunately prevented 

 by illness from being present at the meeting. In this paper the 

 country is described, with its vegetation and the different races who 

 practise nomadic cultivation, with preliminary burning of herbage 

 and jungle. Toungya (meaning a mountain field), or briefly ya (a 

 field), has come in Burma to imply fire-cultivation, and in the forest 

 service the same words are apphed to plantations raised after the rice 

 crop on the burnt fields, or to forest covert proceeding from seed 

 sown simultaneously with the rice. It has thus been contrived to turn 

 tlie customary and almost indispensable fire-cultivation to the 

 advantage of forestry. The credit of having thus turned a destruc- 

 tive enemy into a helpful ally belongs imdoubtedly to Dr. Brandis 

 himself, although he does not here speak of it nor claim the dis- 

 tinction. On the contrary, he gives much credit to the present 

 Conservator of the Tenasserim Circle, who has utilized this system 

 of raisin^ teak on a large scale Graceful mention is also inci- 



