1885.] niPROVEMEXT OF WOODS AND PLANTATIONS. 175 



every 5 feet, may be planted on the larger area, away from the 

 approach to the mansion, near wliich ornamental effect should Ije 

 aimed at Ijy planting the newer kinds of pine — Pieea, Abies, Cedrus, 

 etc., at distances not closer than 50 yards apart. An intermixture 

 of sycamore, Norway maple, and oak, 12 feet apart, ^\'ith larches 

 among them as nurses to 6 feet over all, may occupy the rest of 

 the ground. Eut these should not be planted between the newer 

 conifers recommended to be planted, nor nearer to the trees of the 

 existing crop than 6 feet out from the drip of their branches. 



Oak, with larches as nurses 5 feet apart over all, is held to be 

 the best fitted for some light land. In plantation No. 2, of oak and 

 beech, with larch and Scotch pine, all seemingly of 50 years' 

 standing, the trees which are crowded and patchy should be 

 judiciously thinned, but so as to prevent the survivors of the 

 axe being blown down by the first high wind. Oak again, at 12 

 feet apart, with lai'ch as nurses to 6 feet over all, should 

 here replace trees blown down. From plantation No. 3, wliich is 

 in the park, and near the stables, containing a partial crop of 

 hardwoods, larch, and Scotch pine, the mature larches should be 

 cleaned out. Falling trees are to be grubbed out by their roots, 

 so as to keep tip the amenity of the park. In plantation No. 4, 

 patches of oak and spruce fir of 23 years' standing occur; 

 the interveniiig ground Ijeing occupied by brambles and underwood, 

 which sho;dd be forthwith cleared. Much the same treatment in 

 replanting should again be used, viz. oak with larch nurses, with one 

 silver fir in the centre of the sc[uares. From plantation No. 5, the 

 birch and alder, which occupy the land unprofitably, are to be 

 removed, as well as the inferior Scotch pines. Good plants of the 

 latter, 1 feet apart, with larch among them to 5 feet over all, are to 

 be planted on the cleared area. The yoiing trees must be kept 

 6 feet out from the drip of the Ijrancli of the older ones left to 

 prosper. Plantation No. 6 consists of Scotch pine, with a few larches 

 intermixed, all of about 50 years' .standing, interspersed with 

 mountain ash, alder, and birch, all of natural growth. The latter 

 retard the full development of the former ; large stones make the 

 area of a rough character. After clearing of the natural underwood, 

 and proper felling and thinning of the artificial crop, draining mlist 

 be attended to, and the iinoccupied ground replanted with Scotch pine 

 at 15 feet apart, intermixed with larch to 5 feet over all. Care 

 must be taken that none of the young trees are placed nearer 

 the old trees than 6 feet out from the drip of the branches. In 

 No. 7 the land is rough and stony and wet, Init it is well adapted 

 when improved for the growth of Scotch pine and larch. 



Birch, although it abounds in the disti'ict, should be nearly cleared 



