1885.] IMPROVEMENT OF WOODS AND PLANTATIONS. 251 



ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF WOODS AND PLANTATIONS, 



ALSO A TRACT OF MOORLAND UPON AN ESTATE 



IN THE NORTH OF ENGLAND. 



BY GEORGE DODDS, WYRESIDE COTTAGE, LANCASTER. 



Part II. 



THE first part of the paper gave details as to woods and plau- 

 tatious ou this estate of the Eight Hon. the Earl of S . 



The expenditure as calculated for districts No. 1 to 6 was estimated 

 at £414, 3 s. 4d. ; that on districts No. 7 to 9, as well as in dis- 

 tricts No. 10 to 13, included under the second designation in the 

 title, falls now to be discussed. 



District No. 10 is a woodland stretching from Abbeystead west- 

 ward to the reservoir, comprising about 110 acres, from which its 

 crop, excej)t a few stunted pine-trees, has been cleared for many 

 years. All underwood should be removed from it, as well as decay- 

 ing trees, by grubbing and burning, and the wet spots drained by 

 open cuts; then a permanent crop of Scots pine should be sown 

 at 15 feet apart, with larch among them to 5 feet over all, the 

 latter to be removed gradually, as their neighbours require space 

 for develoi^ment. The young trees so planted should always be 6 

 feet out from the drip of the liranches of the older ones whicli 

 may be left on the land. 



On the woodland No. 11, situated between the road leading to 

 Clitheroe and the river, comprising about 250 acres, there remain 

 only a few small groups of alder and stunted pine. After lying 

 fallow for other two years, and on due preparation of the ground, 

 including the burning on it of branches left from the former crop 

 won a few years ago, as well as the thorough clearing from it of 

 all alders, whins, and stunted pines, so as to allow free play for the 

 action of the sun and weather, pine and larch should be planted 

 on it, after the fashion specified in the previous paragraph. 



District No. 1 2 comprises the waste land called the Hills of Abbey- 

 stead and Ortner, extending over 2G7 acres. The land is chiefly 

 hilly, rising to a considerable elevation on the south-east ; while a 

 local hollow through which the burn of Tarnbrook runs to the 

 Lune, forms the north-western portion. This district is now an open 

 moor, for the most part well calculated to grow a profitable crop 

 of pine and larch. Allowing the summits of the hills to remain as 

 now, Scots pine may be profitably planted on the higher slopes, 

 while, after proper drainage, pine and larch might be grown on the 

 lower slopes and the hollow. A substantial stone wall, e.xtending 

 for a very considerable length through the estate, and proper 



