1885.] AMERICAN THOUGHT AND ACTION. 423 



codling moth, apple maggot, and curculio, sheep, swine, cattle, and 

 horses may be turned in, and if the plum is grown, poultry also must 

 be employed to preserve the fruit from the attack of the last-named 

 insect. 



Asa Clement had successfully planted apple orchards in newly- 

 cleared pastures. You must take the right kind of waste land, 

 leaving light soils for pines and larches. 



Edmund Hersey had two orchards, one of which was cultivated 

 and the other never cultivated, but only mulched. The latter did 

 much better than the other. 



Professor Maynard stated that at tlie Agricultural College there 

 is a peach orchard, planted seventeen years ago, where many of the 

 trees had every indication of yellows. Many of the diseased trees 

 are now in perfect health. Tlie treatment has been to furnish an 

 abundant suj^ply of plant food, especially muriate of potash. He 

 thinks this a specific remedy in connection with good feeding. He 

 believed peach trees could be carried on to live twenty-five years. 



In the discussion which followed, the facts were generally homolo- 

 gated. Apples, though unprofitable on the best land, might be so 

 on comparatively waste ground. 



PKAIRIE ARBORICULTURE. 



This question also bulks prominently in our Western exchanges. 

 Thus, M. I. W., of Iowa, writes to the Farm Journal that the stock- 

 raiser who passed through the last three years in that district with- 

 out learning that shelter belts are absolute necessities, cannot be 

 taught. He proposes Scotch pines planted 8 feet apart in the row, 

 placed diagonally to each other. In a neighbour's farm, where the 

 stock were protected on the north and west by a solid mass of 

 evergreens, they were gaining flesh every day, in striking contrast to 

 the cattle on the adjacent farm not thus protected from the bleak 

 and piercing winds which sometimes sweep across the prairies. 



T. D. Kellog writes to the Prairie Farmer, proposing to lay out 

 his tree claim as follows : — 



I propose next fall to plougli deeply, to tlioroughly pulverize 

 and reduce the land to a level surface, then to mark out in rows, 

 4 feet each way. I shall leave vacant, for corn in the spring 

 following, four rows on the north, east, and west sides ; also, for 

 yellow Cottonwood (recommended as the best), four rows on the same 

 three sides on the inner side of the rows left for the corn, to be 

 planted with cottonwood at the proper time. This tree is recom- 

 mended as best for a protecting wind-break for other varieties of 

 trees, and tliis is the object in thus planting it and the corn. 



