452 TREE-GROWING AND FORESTRY. [April 



detestable — their long roots running under the ground spoil the 

 growth both of the fences and of the crops. They knew well that 

 it was utterly impossible to have a good hedgerow and trees 

 growing upon the same fence. Trees planted in hedgerows also 

 spoiled the appearance of the landscape, for tliey looked like great 

 overgrown fences. For shelter, then, let tliem choose rough waste 

 land for the purpose, and plant in groups ; or if no such land were 

 available upon their estates, let them select the adjoining corners of 

 three or four fields, and then they could have slielter, Ijeauty, and 

 value combined. 



Mr. Eobinson referred to Lord Powersconrt's successful fovestal 

 efforts on his Wicklow estates in Ireland. He had a letter from his 

 Lordship showing that it had i:iaid well to sell his timber in Eng- 

 land. Surely such an exaniijle could be copied in the lake country, 

 which had mucli in common with county Wicklow. Tiiere was the 

 same diversified aspect of mountains and valleys. Lakes were to 

 be found there, as they were to be found here ; in both tiiere was 

 magnificent scenery, and in lakeland as in Wicklow, there were in 

 the streams the same abundant facilities for obtaining motive power 

 for cutting up the wood. His rule, for profit, woidd be, ^j/ani 

 thickly : thin not so quicldtj. Let them thin on system, so as not to 

 expose the young trees too soon, or the wind might get in among 

 them and do more thinning for them than they required. Let 

 them fence those plantations strongly and well, and keep all out, 

 for nothing was more injurious and permanently detrimental than 

 for the .sheep and cattle to get in amongst the young plants and eat 

 off their tojjs, or bruise and Ijreak them when they were in their 

 earlier stages. Harm was often thus done to the young trees, from 

 which they never recovered in after years. Pounds were thus lost 

 by imperfect fencing. 



The Exhibition of Forestr}' in Edinburgh, last year, brought to 

 light an industry which was hardly known in England, except by 

 its results, and that was the manufacture of paper pulp from the 

 thinnings, etc., of trees. No less than fourteen of such manufactures 

 were grouped side by side at that P^xhibition, and yet so little does 

 one part of the world know about the doings of the other part of it, 

 that each of those pulp-makers had, till then, apparently cherished 

 the notion that paper pulp-making from wood was an industry that 

 was peculiarly his own, and some of those Continental jjulp-makers 

 sent to England from 60 to 80 tons of pulp weekly, to be used in 

 the printing of daily and other papers. AVhy should this industry 

 be confined to the Continent ? Might not the thinnings of Scotch 

 firs and spruces, which whUe six inches in diameter was the wood 

 most suitable for being reduced to pulp, thus afford an outlet for 



