August S, 1001. 



The Weekly Florists' Review* 



295 



draught will also 



passible 1 



3e less in a larger pla 

 n proportion to the amou 

 in the larger plants. t( 

 give 



tiring and the result will be a steady fire 

 and An even steam pressure, which will re- 

 sult in the economy of fuel. In fact, it may 

 be said to be largely a matter of the fireman 

 and the method of firing. Thus, in the small- 

 er plants, where the fireman gives only part 

 of his time to the boilers, some of the free- 





stactic 



although for sma 

 where bituminous 



and 



be preferred. "Where the plants are lai 

 enouKh to warrant a regular fireman, t 



suiMii..i!i\ "f T'. nhontas and other semi- 



tuiiiu -ii in,iit warrant their use. t 



a.ji > "-, it might be well to 



\-,:^ti I I 'II of combining one p: 



of (' .!!,iNi 'I "ther semi-bituminous ct 



witli r...i -.i UuL.. jj^its of bucltwheat, pea. 



WY 



can. be laid down at t 

 Cumberland coal, it wil 

 provided proper conditio 



-thirds the cost 

 provided for 



,^er the kind of fuel ust 

 ical burning depends so much u 

 adjustment of the area of the g 

 ing surfaces of the boiler, and 



height 



suggestions are made: 



Ratio of Grate and Heating Surface to Ra- 

 diating Surface. 



Except in small boilers, when it is safest to 

 estimate 15 feet of heating surface as requlfed 

 for one horse-power, it is customary to con- 

 sider 12 feet of heating surface to the horse- 

 power, and to use from 70 to 100 feet of radia- 

 tion for each horse-power, the larger amount 

 being used for the larger boilers. The proper 

 tion between grate and 

 depend largely upon th 





of 

 heating 



rface 

 kind of fuel used, 

 n, varying from 30 



of not more than 10 pounds per 

 lare foot of grate per hour, the smaller 

 ares may be used, but with free-burning 

 1, and when the coal consumption is more 

 Hi 15 pounds per square foot of grate per 

 ar, it will be economical to have 45 to 50 

 ;t of heating surface to each foot of grate 

 •face. Most authorities consider from 12 

 15 pounds of coal (both bituminous and 

 thracite). per square foot of grate ' 



Height, Area and Horse-Power of Cliimney. 



It has been determined that the effectiveness 

 of a chimney varies with the square of its 

 diameter and the square root of its height. 

 Thus, a chimney that is four feet in diame- 

 ter is four times as efficient as one that is but 

 two feet in diameter, while if 144 feet in 

 height it will only answer for a boiler twice 

 as large as it it were but 36 feet high. 



Of the various formulae for determining the 



lowing is much used. The area of the grate 

 should equal the product 



the 





the 



NEW YORK. 



height for anthracite coal, ntnu 



ous coal the product is divi.l. I 



for anthracite coal, if the ^i .r. ;.,l 



high, the area of the chimney flue .should be 

 4.5 feet for anthracite coal, and about 2.5 feet 

 for bituminous coal. As a rule, the area of 

 the chimney flue should about equal that of 

 the boiler tubes and this is generally about 

 one-tenth the grate area. 



By multiplying the grate area by the num- 

 ber of pounds of coal to be burned per hour 

 per square foot of grate and dividing the 

 product by the number of pounds of coal re- 

 quired per horse-power per hour, the herse- 

 lf every florist arranges for the proper ad- 

 justment of his grate, heating and raiiiating 

 areas, and then selects the fuel that will fur- 

 nish the largest number of heat unit.s under 

 the conditions it will have to meet, for the 

 smallest cost per ton, he will do much towards 

 settling his own fuel problem. 



Special Convention Train. 



Buffalo, Monday Night.— We have 

 only just ai-rived and have, we feel, the 

 misfortune, yet truly the good fortune, 

 to be domiciled away from the New- 

 York crowd. Ours was a pleasant jour- 

 ney westward; yes, an extremely enjoy- 

 able one. Bright and early, even before 

 sunrise in some cases, those comprising 

 the New York delegation were ^ astir ; 

 many had to travel considerable distance 

 to the point of rendezvous. (You know we 

 consider all as New Yorkers who depend 

 on that great city in a business way.) 

 Never a larger, a better, a more jovial or 

 intelligent "crowd of florists left New 

 York to attend any convention than that 

 which came by special train to Bufl'alo 

 today. On the streets, the ferryboats and 

 on the platforms there were couples and 

 groups and crowds, giving expression to 

 pleasant feelings. All were on an edge 

 of intense excitement as the train left 

 Wochawken promptly at 9:15 a. m. and 

 as the iron steed puffeil and snorted 

 away through waving woods and flower- 

 covered fields there was a continuous 

 handshaking throughout the six ears, ft 

 was like a great big happy family re- 

 union. The commissary department oc- 

 cupied the front car and here the offi- 

 cers of the club in shirt sleeves dispensed 

 various colored and proofs of liquid. 

 Among those present were: 

 J G. Esler and Miss N. Esler; James Dean 

 and his four daughters. Miss J. Dean. Miss 

 A Dean, Mrs. Firth and Mrs. Bouton; Mr. and 

 Mrs. A. Langjahr. Mr. and Mrs. H Ki'etch- 

 man- P O'Mara, Miss A. O'Mara and Miss B. 

 O'Miira; Mr. and Mrs. R. Shannon Mr and 

 Mrs. A. Guttman, C. Drawiel. Walter Sher- 

 idan D T. Mellis and Miss G. Mellis. Paul 

 Dailiedouze and Henry Dailledouze, Mrs L, 

 Warth and Miss E. Warth. W. H. Siebi'echt 

 and three sons. John Donaldson. W. J. El- 

 liott J V Phillips, Mr. and Mrs. B. Ma- 

 guire. Mr. and Mrs. T. Keefe, Miss R^ Shan- 

 non Mr. knd Mrs. S. Henshaw. Miss K Tow- 

 arf^' Mr and Mrs. 1j. Kreshover, John t.- 

 Lager. Anton Schultheis and two sons. Mr. 



of vcliitk'., liauJ-uiiiL-Iy .k'Loi.it, .1 uiUi 

 llowers were in procession and several 

 valuable prizes were awarded. 



Pt^i.ttk. ?i1txn-.— Eischon Bros, have 

 iniivli:,-,,! Ian L'lvnili.ni-cs ;il Woodland. 

 Tlir Im.ii-,- nmII lir iih \,',l :iii<l added to 

 tlirii- mccniiniwcs Ml AiliiiLilnii Place, 

 which will give tlieiii a total plant of 

 eight houses. 



and Mr 



.ATS. A. Herring 



:hweinfurth, Mr. and^rs. ' 

 Wirth. Gus Manze, ' " 



Du Rie, Mr. 



J. Rein 



Mr. 



nd Mrs 



J.,,,.. „„,^ „„ Badgley, Mr. and Mrs. 



Wollmer B. C. Bruckner, J. B. Nugent. Jiv. 

 Miss H. E. Nugent and William Nugent, 

 Dorval. Charles Zeller. 

 puy and son. Miss K: 





nd Mi 



iss D. Groshee, 

 Roehrs, Jr.. G. Erhle, 

 Fitzelle. William Duck- 

 P. Tavernier and Miss 



Tav 



md 



Bur: 



J. Burns and Mi; 



IS Fred Nugent, Mr. 

 and Mrs. H.' Beimels. Mr. and Mrs. H. C. Han- 

 sen R W Clucas and Miss A. Clucas. .V Bod- 

 Itnkt^n. Mr. and Mrs. J Stevens, John Young. 

 — - — -' — » c,„i,i.^..g_ j,Ir and Mrs. h.. 

 ind Mrs. J. Logan, 

 _ and Mrs. S. Burns. W. S. 

 Rennie, Frank Piorkovsky, E. Steftens. M. 

 Brady. E. McGinnis, H. Beaulieu. H. C Stein- 

 hoS and three sons A Dwver. Oscar Bochler., 

 Lenker. F. Brill. Mr. and 



Bobbin 



Champion 



Mr 



Hate 



E. J. Whiti 



nd Mr 

 E. W. 



Holt, F. 



- Mrs. 

 ,,--nrh. 



;• ,■ I In, \i \ W" Atkins and Miss M 



N^,, ,,,',,, i: ,,i ,.iii,s: Mr. and Mrs. J. I 



i,.,r,i,,- \i , ,i,,i M.- Frank Traendly, Mr 

 •'n,rMi^ l-ln, ih,iiii.:inn. Mr. and Mrs. T. J 

 I.aiiK. F. 'it. li«i=.uu. James Kidd and Mrs. 

 H. Berger. „ , . ,, j , 



But we arc in Buffalo in the custody 

 of Great Scott. Will Kasting, Adams and 

 the litllo nrmv of creat workers, and 



time. \\ ' 

 and " illi I 

 the Now V. 



Ates 



CARNATIONS. 



Would you advise placing bones fi-om 

 the slaughter-house in the bottom of car- 

 nation and rose benches? Is blood, as it 

 comes from the slaughter-house, good to 

 use as a fertilizer for roses and carna- 

 tions? ^- '^■ 



In answering the above questions I 

 would say that I cannot answer the first 

 question with any degree of certainty, 

 as I have never tried nor heard of any 

 one else trying hones (whole bones as 1 

 understand it) as fertilizer in the green- 

 house bench. My judgment, however, 

 would be that it would not be advisable. 

 We all know the value of bone-meal as 

 a fertilizer, and very few growers are 

 ever entirely without it. I think it is 

 necessary that it should be ground, or, 

 at least, crushed, in order that the plant 

 food mav be drawn from it in the short 

 time it 'is on the bench. Being ground 

 into dust and very small bits allows it 

 to decay in a short time; whereas the 

 hard outside shell of the hone would 

 keep decomposition from setting in for 

 a long time and in an ordinary raised 

 bench where the soil is renewed every 

 year the plants would get no benefit from 

 them, as very little decaying would take 

 place in such a short time. But on the 

 other hand in a solid bed of roses which 

 is to remain undisturbed for several 

 years they might do some good if broken 

 up some, so that the softer, inner part 

 of the bones would be exposed, which 

 would allow decomposition to set in 

 much sooner. 



For carnations we would not care to 

 use bone in any way except in a ground 

 state, and the finer it is ground the bet- 

 ter we like it. We use a grade called 

 bone-flour, and it is as fiine as any wheat 

 flour, and we like it much better than 

 we do the coarser grades. The results 

 are quicker and there is no danger of 

 a good part of it remaining in the soil 

 after the season is over. However, the 

 above is merelv my opinion in regard 

 to the bones, and as experiment is the 

 source of all knowledge I would advise 

 T. K. to experiment along that line. He 

 can take a small part of a bench (say 

 about enough for 50 or 100 plants) and 

 place on the bottom a small quan- 

 tity of bones, and in another sec- 

 tion a larger quantity of bones, 

 and watch carefully the results. I 

 don"t think there is any danger of 

 them doing any harm, Init tlic .iiii-li"n 

 is, "will they benefit the (.I:. .it- ...ix. 

 The quantity to use is also ^iir-~ woik, 

 but I imagine that about tliicr riilm- 

 inches of bones to one square foot of 

 liench space in the one section, and about 

 double that quantity in the other sec- 

 i;,.„ ,,,,,.1,1 ..ivo him' a vi-v soo,] ulo:i of 



_M^ mixed with nrouiid lioiir ;iim1 ii'tioo 

 it difference thcic iii;i\- I" I -li:'nl.l 

 y much like to li.':li llir.nioli 111.' mi- 

 lls of The Review \\li:it the i.-ulti 



suppose the blood is in a dry state, 

 1 if it is, it can be used on the benches 



li u 1 results. We have never used 



,,,i :il.,iM\ liiif we have used with good 

 nil- :i iiiixlure of blood and bone, 

 .iiimI toi;ctlicr. I cannot say as to the 

 ength of the blood as a plant food, 

 -J ^imagine it should be used in alxiut 

 ; same quantity, or perhaps a litlle 

 re than you do of bone meal. You 

 1 soon see' how much to put on after a 



