HORTICULTUEE. 39 



dates of appearance of insects in various stages is illustrated by a cliar't 

 which shows that in the region considered the period of growth of the plant 

 coincides with the period during which oviposition occurs and the first brood 

 of maggots develop. 



The experience of farmers during the past 4 years has shown conclusively 

 that the use of tight frames covered with cheese cloth will entirely prevent 

 injury by the cabbage maggot and that the use of certain grades of cheese 

 cloth will help to prevent injury by the flea beetle. Cloth having from 20 to 

 oO threads to the inch is to be preferred for the puriwse of protecting cabbage 

 seedlings. The extra cost of screening plants in 11 seed beds of 10 different 

 growers was found to range from 6 to 20 cts. per 1,000 plants. 



It is stated that plants grown under screens have good roots so that they 

 start quickly when transplanted, while plants grown in the open are liable to 

 suffer a varying amount of root injury even in years when there is only a mild 

 infestation of maggots. " The screened plants are more tender than those not 

 screened, but experience has shown that by removing the cover a weelc or 10 

 days before transplanting, the seedlings become sufficiently hardened so that 

 there is veiy little difference in the growth of the sets in the field." 



Screening seed beds controls cabbag'e mag-gots, F. II. Hall (Nctc Yoric 

 State Sta. Bui. 33.'f, poi)uhir cd., pp. G, fi(js. 3). — A popular edition of the above. 



The home production of onion seed and sets, W. R. Beattie (U. S. Dept. 

 Agr., Fanners' Bui. J/Sj^, pp. 2Ji, figs. 12). — In a previous Farmers' Bulletin the 

 culture of onions for the general market was discussed (E. S. R., 21, p. 139). 

 The author here treats in detail of the special methods of culture for the 

 production of onion seed and sets. He points out that whereas both onion 

 seed and sets may be readily grown as a side issue with other lines of farming, 

 there is no large profit to be obtained from the sale of either seed or sets 

 and that the greater profits are obtainable from comparatively small plantings. 



Fruit farming in West Kent, C. H. Hooper (Jour. Bd. Agr. [London-], 17 

 {1911), No. 10, pp. 811-815). — A brief general account of the management of 

 fruit orchards in West Kent, giving some data relative to the cost of establish- 

 ing orchards. 



Planting the commercial orchard, J. G. Moore (Wisconsin Sta. Bui. 201, 

 pp. 3-3Jf, figs. 15). — A bulletin taking up in a popular way apple culture with 

 special reference to Wisconsin conditions. General consideration is given to 

 the possibilities of orcharding in Wisconsin and the apple-growing sections of 

 the State. The important cultural phases discussed include the selection of 

 site and soil, the details of planning and planting the orchard, selecting trees 

 for planting including pointers in ordering nursery stock, planting time and dis- 

 tances, top pruning young trees, and varieties for Wisconsin. 



Orchard practice, W. J. Green (Ohio Sta. Circ. 108, pp. 8). — This consists 

 of a concise popular discussion of orchard practice. Consideration is given 

 to the details of starting an apple orchard, including a list of varieties 

 suitable for southern and northern Ohio, training, pruning, spraying, thinning, 

 and orchard rejuvenation. 



Combating diseases and insects of the orchard, W. H. Chandler (Ann. 

 Bpt. Mo. Bd. Hart., 3 (1909), pp. 3-^6-391, pis. 21).— A brief popular accoimt 

 of the insect enemies and diseases of the orchard and methods of combating 

 them. 



Orchard spraying suggestions for 1911, W. J. Green, A. D. Selby, and 

 H. A. Gossard (Ohio Sta. Circ. 109, pp. 3). — This circular contains advice sup- 

 plemental to that in Bulletin 199 previously noted (E. S. R., 20, p. 1055). 

 95157°— No. 1—11 4 



