ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 73 



The winter feeding was continued for 2 seasons. In tlie winter of 1907-8 

 each range steer which received no supplementary feed lost on an average 

 97 lbs. and in the following winter lOG lbs. in weight. The lot receiving cotton- 

 seed meal and hulls as an additional ration lost 6 lbs. per head the first season 

 and gained 3 lbs. per head the second season. The cost of the extra feeds for 

 these lots was $4.70 and $5.()3, respectively. With good peavine hay as a supple- 

 mentary feed, at a cost of $3.57 per head, the average loss was 9 lbs. each. 

 With cotton seed as a supplement, costing $3.23 per head, the loss was 40 lbs. 

 per steer. With cheap hay as a supplementary feed, costing $2.60 per head, the 

 loss was 40 lbs. each. 



The steers used in the winter work, noted above, were redivided and continued 

 for summer feeding. In lOOS the lot on pnsture alone made an average daily 

 gain of 1.52 lbs. per head, at a cost of 1.18 cts. per poiuid gain, dressed 49.5 per 

 cent live weight, and made a profit per steer of $2.86. The lot receiving cotton- 

 seed cake in addition to pasture made an average daily gain of 2.32 lbs. per 

 head, at a cost of 2.56 cts. per pound gain, dressed 53.8 per cent live weight, 

 and made an average protit per steer of $10.42. With caddo cake (cold-pressed 

 cotton-seed cake) as a supiilemeiit the average daily gain was 1.84 lbs. per head, 

 at a cost of 3.03 cts. per i)Ound g;iin, dres^■•ed 53.6 per cent live weight, and made 

 an average profit of $6.62 i)er steer. A second lot of scrub stock, recf^iving 

 cotton-seed cake, made an average daily gain of 1.62 lbs. i)er head at a cost of 

 3.24 cts. a pound gain, dressed 52.7 per cent li\e weight, and made an average 

 profit of 43 cts. per head. 



In 1909 the lot without supplementary feed made an average daily gain of 

 1.74 lbs. per head, at a cost of 1.03 cts, per pound gain. This lot dressed 51.8 

 per cent live weight, and made an average profit of $7.06 per steer. The lot 

 receiving cotton-seed cake made an average daily gain of 1.88 lbs. per head at 

 a cost of 3.21 cts. per pound gain, dressed 54.2 per cent live weight, and m.'.de 

 an average profit of $6.99 per steer. A lot receiving cotton seed as a supplement 

 to pasture made an average daily gain of 2.06 lbs. per head at a cost of 2..39 cts. 

 per pound gain, dressed 53.9 per cent live weight, and made an average profit 

 of $8.39 per head. Those given feed in addition to pasture lost less in transport 

 than the rest. The extremely low profit of one lot receiving cotton-seed cake 

 was due to the fact that they were scrubs, varying from 1 to 5 years in age. 



From these tests it is apparent that it pays to supplement southern pastures 

 with a concentrated feed when cattle are being finished for the fall market, 

 that cotton-seed cake was superior to the cold-pressed cake, and that the whole 

 cotton seed produced cheaper gains than the cotton-seed cake. Additional tests 

 are promised to determine what concentrated feeds can be used to the greatest 

 advantage. 



Beef production in Alabama, D. T. Gray and W. F. Ward ( U. ^. Dept. Agr., 

 Bur. Anini. Indus. Bill. 131. pp. 1ft, pis. 2). — A discussion of the advantages of 

 the South for beef production. The experimental data reported are contained 

 in the two bulletins noted above. 



Feeding experiments with steers and hogs, J. T. Ceuse (Texas Sta. Bvl. 

 135, pp. 25, figs. S). — This bulletin reports tests of rations with cotton-seed meal 

 in connection with various supplementary feeds for steers and hogs. 



Cottou-seed meal, rough red rice, and unheaded and unshredded Kafir corn 

 was fed to 2 lots of 8 steers for 34 days, in which an average daily gain of 

 1.76 lbs. per head was made. Fully 50 per cent of the Kafir com passed 

 through undigested. The rice was fed unground and had a tendency to cause 

 bloating and scouring. The ration was then changed to ground rough red rice, 

 cotton-seed meal, Johnson grass hay. and com chops. The average daily gain 

 made on this ration for 34 days was 2.35 lbs. per head, at a cost of 8.56 cts. per 



