HORTICULTURE. 



137 



Orchard and garden spraying-, A. G. Ruggles and E. C. Stakman (Minne- 

 aota fita. Bui. 121, pp. 3-32). — The various insecticides and fungicides are dis- 

 cussed in detail and notes are given on tlie principal diseases of fruits and 

 vegetables with suggestions for their control, notes on spraying machinery, and 

 other data. A spray calendar is Included. 



Spray and practice outline for fruit growers, 1911, H. J. Eustace and 

 R. H. I'ettit {Michigan Uta. Spec: Btd. 5.'i, pp. 20, figs. 7). — This outlines the 

 methods of control for the more common insects and diseases of the apple, 

 peach, pear, plum, cherry, grape, currant, gooseberry, raspberry, blackberry, 

 dewberry, strawberry, and iK)tato, and gives directions ^or preparing various 

 fungicides and insecticides. 



Spraying the apple orchard, A. Dickens and T. J. Headlee {Kansas Sta. 

 Bui. ll'i, pp. 253-292, figs. 19). — Demonstration experiments conducted in 1910 

 cooperatively by the Kansas Station, the United States Department of Agricul- 

 ture, and the owners of 7 orchards in different localities are described, together 

 with an additional experiment conducted to determine the relative value of 

 Bordeaux and lime-su]i)hur in preventing apple blotch in an orchard hitherto so 

 badly infested as to destroy practically the entire crop. Recommendations rela- 

 tive to number and time of sprays, spraying machinery and materials, and the 

 method of application are also given. 



In the demonstration experiments 3 : 4 : 50 Bordeaux plus 2 lbs. of lead 

 arsenate was compared with 2 lbs. of lead arsenate plus 1^ gal. of prepared 

 lime-sulphnr testing 33° Baume and 50 gal. of water. In most cases applica- 

 tions of each mixture were applied at the opening of the buds, at the fall of the 

 petals, and 3 weeks later. A fourth application of 2 lbs. of lead arsenate to 

 50 gal. of water was a]>plied to each lot of sprayed trees 10 weeks after the fall- 

 ing of the petals. The data secured were based on the examination of 250,240 

 apples and are deemed sufficient to make the results of commercial importance. 



Percentage of total yield of apples injured lnj, or free from, insect attacks, 

 fungus diseases, and spray injury, in spraying trials. 



Kind of injury. 



Bordeaux. 



Lime- 

 sulphur. 



Check. 



Codling moth 



Curculio 



Scab 



Apple blotch 



Sooty blotch 



Bitter rot 



Black rot 



Spray injury 



Fruit absolutely free from insect and fungus injury 



Per cent. 



7.21 



28.97 



2.58 



7.42 



2.05 



4.90 



0. 25 



19.43 



69.60 



Per cent. 

 6.09 



32.40 

 1.30 



13. 35 

 4.38 

 6.34 

 1.93 

 4.02 



63.04 



Per cent. 

 26. 80 

 62.50 

 17.98 

 23.80 

 21.35 

 10.84 

 3.01 



12.90 



The average cost per tree for the Bordeaux-lead-arsenate treatment was 37 

 cts. and for the lime-sulphur-lead arsenate treatment 40 cts. In general, care- 

 fully sprayed tr^es gave an average of 37 per cent more merchantable fruit as 

 compared with untreated parts of the same orchard. The first 2 grades of 

 fruit were increased 15 per cent and 6.6 per cent, respectively. When sold as 

 " orchard run " the average net increased value from the sprayed fruit was 

 .$97.20 per acre. 



Both lime-sulphur and Bordeaux checked apple blotch materially in the 

 orchard badly infested, the Bordeaux being more effective when apple blotch 

 alone considered. Three sprayings proved better than 2. Arsenate of lad 

 was used with both sprays in the first 2 applications. It was found that whereas 



