138 EXPERIMENT STATION EECORD. 



the trees injured by Bordeaux produce about as luucb merchantable fruit as 

 those injured by lime-sulphur, they produce less first grade and more second 

 grade fruit than the latter. One variety, the Ingram, was practically free from 

 Bordeaux injury. In general, prepared lime-sulphur plus lead arsenate pro- 

 duced the best results on apples which are subject to Bordeaux Injury and are 

 nearly free from apple blotch, while Bordeaux-arsenate of lead gave the best 

 results on varieties subject to apple blotch. 



How to control the scab and blotch of the apple, J. L. Hewiti (Arkansas 

 fc'ffl. Circ. 7, PI). .'/). — This is a popular discussion of the general characters and 

 methods of dissemination of apple scab and apple blotch, together with direc- 

 tions for summer spraying of orchards that are infested with these diseases, 

 codling moth, and curculio. The treatment recommended consists of 5 applica- 

 tions of Bordeaux mixture, the second, third, and fourth containing 2 lbs. of 

 arsenate of lead to every 50 gal. of the spray. Lime-sulphur may be substi- 

 tuted in the first 3 sprayings. 



Self -boiled lime-sulphur wash and its use, P. F. Williams and J. C. C. 

 Price (Alabama Col. >S/«. Bid. 152, pp. 12, pis. 3, figs. 3). — Descriptions are 

 given of brown rot (Sclerotinia fructigcna), peach scab (Clado.'<porium car- 

 pophilum) , and plum curculio, together with directions for the preparation and 

 application of the self-boiled lime-sulphur mixture and of arsenate of lead for 

 combating these pests. 



The results of experiments with lime-sulphur on apples and peaches at 

 Auburn, Ala., are also reported. In the apple orchards 98 per cent of perfect 

 fruit was obtained by 3 sprayings, the first a 2 : 3 : 50 arsenate of lead spray 

 for the codling moth, and the other two consisting of 8 : 8 : 50 self-boiled lime- 

 sulphur mixture for the black and bitter rots. 



In the exi^eriments with Carman, Elberta, and McKinnel peaches the respective 

 percentages of perfect fruit were with spraying 07.6, 92, and 89, and without 

 spraying 48.6, 75, and 0. An orchard of 1.500 peach seedlings left unsprayed 

 during the season of 1909-10 showed only a 2 per cent resistance to brown rot. 

 It is claimed that in the work with peaches and apples much of the success 

 with summer treatment depends upon previous pruning and thorough winter 

 spraying with the concentrated lime-sulphur. 



The reserve materials of the vine, J. L. "Vidal (Rev. Vit., 35 (1911), Nos. 

 895, pp. 157-162; 896, pp. 189-195; 897, pp. 219-222; 900, pp. 307-312; 903, pp. 

 390-395, figs. 6). — The author finds from a study of the carbohydrates in vines 

 that the root is the reserve organ and that there is a double annual migration of 

 reserve materials. A portion of the reserve materials flows upward in the 

 spring with increasing rapidity until the young leaves begin to function, when 

 the flow decreases and the materials assimilated by the leaves soon begin to 

 migrate to the shoots, trunk, and roots. The maximum reserve in the shoots 

 is reached just before leaf fall and is immediately followed by a sudden retreat 

 of a part of the reserves to the roots, after which the vine enters into the winter 

 rest period, which the author terms the period of " inversion." Grafted vines 

 comport themselves in a way more or less similar to vines growing on their 

 own roots, depending upon the degree of affinity between stock and scion. 



The various practices of pruning are grouped into two classes, according to 

 their time of application — those which are conducted during the period of 

 " inversion " and those which are conducted at other times of the year. Prun- 

 ing during the " inversion " period appears to be more favorable to the vegeta- 

 tion as well as to the quality and quantity of the products of feeble and normal 

 vines and in conjunction with proper treatment, such as the lengthening of the 

 fruiting wood, reduction of manure, etc., of vigorous vines also. Severe pruning 

 during the " inversion " period combined with repruning just before the buds 



