FORESTRY. 141 



on the sunny slope during a wet season and greater on the shady slope during 

 a dry season. The difference in water content of the variously exposed cleared 

 areas is greater in diy years and less in wet years than the variously exposed 

 forest areas. 



The experimental work reported is preceded by a general discussion relative 

 to the modification through forests and exjiosure of the climatic elements affect- 

 ing soil moisture. 



A critical discussion of forest manuring experiments, P. Ehrenbeeg 

 (ZtscJir. Forst ii. Jagdw., J,3 {1911), No. 3, pp. nfi-202) .—A critical inspection 

 of the present methods of conducting fertilizer experiments with young trees 

 and with mature stands, both from the theoretical and scientific points of view. 



The utilization of machinery in the culture of pines with, special refer- 

 ence to the sowing of pine seed in plowed furrov/s with the aid of a 

 fertilizer distributor and forest seed planter, Schenk von Schmittburg 

 (AUff. Fornt u. Jagd Ztg., SI {1911), pp. 58-63; pp. 77-S-'/, fig. 1).—The author 

 points out the difficulty of securing sufficient and capable laborers for the 

 work of establishing pine stands as the principal necessity for the utilization 

 of machinery for this purpose. His practice of sowing pine seed in plowed 

 furrows and subsequent cultivation between the rows is here compared with 

 the usual method of sowing pine seed broadcast. A fertilizer distributor and 

 seed planter devised by the author to plant forest seed is illustrated and de- 

 scribed, and detailed estimates are given of the cost of sowing and maintaining 

 for the first four years 1-hectare plantations set out or seeded by hand and 

 seeded with the seed planter. 



Harvesting the annual seed crop, S. Moore {Amcr. Forestry, 17 {1911), 

 No. 3, pp. I.'f0-15i, ph. .{). — The conditions and work of harvesting the forest- 

 tree seed crop described in this article are deemed particularly typical of the 

 Rocky Mountain region and the work as carried on by the Forest Service 

 of the United States Department of Agriculture upon the National Forests of 

 that region. 



The growth and management of Douglas fir in the Pacific Northwest, T. T. 

 MuNGER {U. S. Dept. Agr., Forest Serv. Circ. 175, pp. 27, figs. .'/). — The purpose 

 of this circular is to show how a new crop of timber can be started on logged- 

 off land, the conditions favorable to its development, its rate of growth and 

 yield, and the probable cost of securing the second crop. The Douglas fir, 

 which is selected as the most abundant and most important commercial tree 

 of the Pacific Northwest, is discussed relative to its important characteristics, 

 including soil and climatic requirements, density of stand, susceptibility to 

 injury by fire, fungi, and insects, reproduction, rate of growth, and management 

 of second growth stands, including provisions for a second crop, yields, costs, 

 and profits. The appendix contains tabular data showing the cubic and 

 merchantable contents, as well as the number of hewed railroad ties and 

 round mine timbers obtainable from trees of different diameters. 



The general conclusion is reached that Douglas fir is the best all-round timber 

 tree for the Pacific Northwest and that reforestation can be attained at little 

 expense after any Douglas fir logging operation by making provision for seed 

 trees to seed up the areas; burning the slashing immediately after logging; and 

 protecting the cut-over area from subsequent fires. By observing these meas- 

 ures the growth of the second crop will be as rapid and the quality as good as 

 the original forest. " That the growing of crops of Douglas fir on cut-over 

 land will be financially profitable _to private owners seems assured in view of 

 the certain rise in the valuation of stumpage, the growing security of timber- 

 land investments, and the increased market for young timber, provided only 



