DISEASES OF PLANTS. 147 



Bordeaux mixture proved roore effective tliau 3 applications of lime-sulphur 

 in controlling the scab. Arsenates of lead containing high amounts of arsenic 

 acid, when combined with lime-sulphur, caused more injury to the fruit and 

 foliage than arsenates with a low acid content. The combined action of Bor- 

 deaux mixture and milk of lime acted as a shield against the severe freeze of 

 that year. 



The use of dilute lime-sulphur for the control of apple diseases, W. M. 

 Scott {Kinmundy, III., 1911, pp. 8). — In this paper, read before the Fifty-fifth 

 Annual Convention of the Illinois State Horticultural Society at Urbana, 111., 

 I'ebruary, 1911, the author briefly reviews the status of lime-sulphur as a fungi- 

 cide for the control of apple diseases, and gives the results of experiments con- 

 ducted in ^'irginia during 1910 with lime-sulphur sprays. In these experiments 

 4 applications of each of the following sprays, viz, 1.5 : 50 commei'cial lime-sul- 

 phur, 2 : 4 : 50 home-boiled lime-sulphur, and 3 : 4 : 50 Bordeaux mixture, were 

 tested on Winesap, York Imperial, and Ben Davis apples. Two lbs. of arsenate 

 of lead was added to every 50 gal. of the spray used. 



The evidence obtained from these and other experiments conducted by the 

 United States Department of Agriculture and by several of the experiment sta- 

 tions, as well as the work of the orchardists, seemed to warrant the following 

 conclusions : Limo-sulphur solution containing 4 lbs. of sulphur to 50 gal. 

 of spray is a good substitute for Bordeaux mixture in the treatment of apple 

 scab, fruit spot, leaf spot, and cedar rust, but is not satisfactory in controlling 

 bitter rot. When necessa ry to spray for bitter rot the early applications of lime- 

 sulphur for scab may be followed at the proper time with Bordeaux mixture 

 for bitter rot, thus avoiding the russet and yet controlling the rot. 



The cherry in Lower Burgundy. — V, Diseases of cherries, P. Larue (Prog. 

 Agr. et Vit. (Ed. VEst-Ccntre), 32 {Wll), No. IJ,, pp. /,2S-.'/37, fig. i).— The 

 author gives a key to the diseases of the cherry, in which the symptoms, the 

 name of the parasite (animal or plant), the group to which the parasite be- 

 longs, and the method of control are very briefly noted. The diseases of the 

 leaves are treated first, then the damages done by insects to early buds, and 

 then the diseases of the young shoots, of mature branches, and of the trunk, 

 roots, flowers, and fruit. 



Crown swelling' disease of peach, J. B. S. Norton {Phytopathology, 1 (1911), 

 No. 2. pp. 53, o'l). — Attention is called to a serious disease of peach orchards 

 in Maryland which is causing the death of many young trees planted in the 

 spring of 1908 or in the fall of 1907. 



In 1909 many of the trees were either dying as if from starvation, or were 

 already dead, having broken off about 2 inches under the ground. An ex- 

 amination of the trees showed but slight connection between the lateral roots 

 and the main root and stem, while there was a distinct swelling at the base 

 of the stem extending upward from 4 to 8 in. A cross section of the tumor 

 showed a spongy layer just beneath the bark of varying thicknesses, com- 

 posed of parenchymatous cells filled with starch and frequently interpersed 

 with thin woody layers. The large size of the cells, the abundance of starch, 

 and the absence of medullary rays easily distinguished the diseased tissue 

 from healthy wood. The lateral roots seemed to be in the process of being 

 cut off in a way similar to that in which the twigs of willow, poplar, etc., are 

 often -shed. 



No causative organism was found in the sections, nor in the attempted 

 cultures. 



Observations on the California vine disease, O. Butler (Mem. Torrey Bot, 

 Cluh, Ih (1910), No. 2, pp. 111-153, pis. 5, fig. i).— The author gives the 

 history of this disease, its symptoms, the histology of infected parts, the rela- 



