150 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



In (he case of the Para rubber, it attacks the renewing bark on the tapped 

 surfaces, turniug it a reddish-purple color, often with a well defined black 

 border, and in advanced cases the bark exudes a purple-brown liquid. Finally 

 the tapped surfaces die back, and black longitudinal streaks appear, which ex- 

 tend through the bark into the wood. The disease is usuallj^ discovered by the 

 cessation of latex flow. Intermixed plantations of cacao and Hevea, close 

 planting, and wet weather favor the disease. 



ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY— ENTOMOLOGY. 



General biology, J. G. Needham {Ithaca, N. Y., 1910, pp. XIV+5.'f2, figs. 

 996). _A book of outllnos and practical studies for the general student. 



A history of British mammals, G. E. II. Barrett-Hamilton {London, 1910, 

 vol. 1, pts. 1, pp. Xri + 8+.'i9-8S, pis. 5, figs. 7; 2, pp. 9-16+89-128, pis. 5, figs. 

 S; S, pp. 17-24+129-168, pis. 5, figs. 5).— Volume 1 of this work, of which the 

 first three parts are here noted, is devoted to the Chiroptera, or flying mammals, 

 the genera Nyctalus, Pipistrellns, Vespertilio, and Myotis being here taken up. 



South African moles, T. F. Dreyer {Agr. Jour. Cape Good Hope, S7 {1910), 

 No. 6, pp. 695-698, pi. 1).—A brief account of the species that occur in South 

 Africa is given. 



A history of birds, W. P. Pycr.\et {London, [1910], pp. XXX+458, pis. 34, 

 figs, 50).— As stated by the author the aim in writing this book is to present a 

 study of bird life from the viewpoint of the evolutionist and to set forth in 

 broad outline the evidence now generally regarded as bearing on the birth and 

 growth of the various types of birds. 



The birds of Australia, G, M. Mathews {London, 1910, vol. 1, pt. 1, pp. 96, 

 pis. 19; rev. in Auk, 28 {1911), No. 1, pp. 135, 136).— This first part of volume 1 

 contains the Casuariiformes (5 species), the Galliformes (9 species), andJ the 

 Turniciformes (7 species), each illustrated. 



Economic ornithology in recent entomological publications, W. L. 

 MfcATEE] {Aiok, 28 {1911), No. 2, pp. 282-287).— In the course of this review 

 the author presents a revised list of the bird enemies of the gipsy and brown- 

 tail moths, 46 species being recorded as destroying the former and 31 the latter. 

 It is also stated that the Biological Survey records show the killdeer ( Oxyechus 

 vociferus) and cliff swallow {Petrochciidon lunifrons) to be enemies of the hop 

 flea beetle. 



Notes on the fruit-eating habits of the sage thrasher in the Yakima Val- 

 ley, C. H. Kennedy {Auk, 28 {1911), No. 2, pj). 225-228, figs. 3).— This is an 

 account of injury by Oreoscoptes monta)ius to raspberries, blackberries, and 

 grapes. 



The actual loss in weight of grapes through bird damage to 140 vines of 

 Campbell Early on one ranch was 25 per cent, and the loss in profits was not 

 less than 50 per cent because of the large item of labor in trimming the damaged 

 clusters and the loss in fancy value through the unattractive appearance of the 

 trimmed bunches. 



Ten stomachs that were examined all showed that grapes had been eaten. 

 At no time were green and yellowish varieties injured, the thrasher preferring a 

 grape with the two characteristics, a dark color and sourness. It is said that 

 the thrashers were assisted to some extent in their depredations on the early 

 grapes by Bullock's orioles. After the thrashers had left for the South, robins, 

 while flocking preparatory to migrating, injured the very late grapes. 



A comparative study of methods of examining feces for evidences of 

 parasitism, M. C. Hall {V. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Anita. Indus. Bui. 135, pp. 36, 

 fig. 1 ) . — In this bulletin the author describes and discusses the various methods 



