154 EXPERIMENT STATION EECORD. 



A new scale insect, It. D. Anstead (Planters Ohron., 5 {1910), No. 29, p. 

 572). — The black scale (Saissetia [Lecanium] olew) is reixji'ted from India for 

 the first lime, having been found at Kotogiri on Erythrimi lithosprrma and the 

 upper sides of the leaves of Castilla elastica. It is said to be rapidly spread- 

 ing on coffee. 



Recent work with fungus parasites of scale insects (Agr. News [Barba- 

 dos], 10 {1911), No. 232, p. 94). — In this brief review it is stated that good 

 results have followed in Barbados and Grenada from the transference of the 

 shield scale fungus {Cephalosporium lecanii) to the green and mango shield 

 scales {Coccus viridis and C. mo/ngiferce) on guava and mango plants, and to 

 the mealy shield scale {Pulvinaria pyriformis), which occurs on Java plum 

 {Eugenia jamholana) and rose apple {E. jamhos) trees. 



On the probable viviparity in some danaid, i. e., pierid butterflies, N. J. 

 KusNEzov {Trudui Buss. Ent. Obshch. S. Peterb. (Horce Soc. Ent. Boss.), 39 

 {1910), pp. 634-651, pi. 1). — During the course of anatomical studies of the 

 DanaidiB, the author found " fully developed larvae lying in a uterus-like widen- 

 ing of the lower portion of the oviductus communis. . . . 



" In all cases these larvae are bent twofold on the seventh body segment 

 and directed with their heads toward the ostium of the ductus semiualis. This 

 situation of the intrauterine larvae was the same and quite uniform in all my 

 preparations. No chorion was observed which in danaids is known as a com- 

 plex and variously ribbed structure. This seeming absence of the chorion 

 may also be considered as an indirect indication of the real viviparity, for this 

 structure could not he destroyed by the method of preparing or absorbed dur- 

 ing the short period after the death (post-mortem) of the mother insect." 



Nearly all of the species of danaids of the Palearctic region were examined, 

 a list of 30 forms being given in which these intrauterine larvae were found. 

 Attention is called to the fact that in this list the forms of the genus Colias 

 prevail, especially those characteristic to high northern latitudes or to Alpine 

 altitudes in mountainous countries. Only 2 species of Lepidoptera have pre- 

 viously been recorded as viviparous, namely. Tinea vivipara in Australia and 

 an undetermined tineid species in South America. 



An outbreak of destructive caterpillars in Batangas rice fields, D. B. 

 Mackie {Philippine Agr. Bev. [English Ed.1, 3 {1910), No. 12, pp. 103-705).— 

 The author reports that in the month of May enormous numbers of caterpillars 

 appeared in Batangas rice fields and destroyed the greater part of the rice crop 

 in the invaded section. Spodoptera maurita is thought to be the species con- 

 cerned. A large percentage of the rice in certain districts of the Iloilo Province 

 was also destroyed, apparently by the same pest. 



Notes on the g'eometrid Gypsochroa sitellata, H. M. Russell {Proc. Ent. 

 Soc. Wash., 12 {1910), No. 4, pp. Ill, i78).— Biological and descriptive notes are 

 given on G. sitellata, which the author reports to have occurred in abundance 

 on pokeweed at Dade City and Orlando, Fla., in the fall of 1907. 



Papers on deciduous fruit insects and insecticides. — Life history of the 

 codling' moth and its control on pears in California, S. W. Foster {V. S. 

 Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 91, pt. 2, pp. 13-51, pi. 1, figs. 10).— In this paper the 

 author reports life history studies and spraying experiments conducted in the 

 vicinity of Walnut Ci-eek, Cal., during the seasons of 1909 and 1910. 



Because of a mean lower temperature in California during the development 

 of the codling moth, there is an increase in the period required for the growth 

 of its respective stages over that observed in the East, especially for the first 

 of the 2 practically full broods of larvae that develop in the pear-growing 

 districts of the interior counties of the State. The second brood, however, is by 



