ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 157 



weeks before the fir?t iiicking begins. If only 2 treatments are possible, the 

 first and second should be given. 



Notes on the life history of the larch case bearer (Coleophora laricella), 

 G, W. Hebeick (Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 4 {1911), No. 1, pp. 68-70).— This Insect 

 is an European species which is gradually becoming widely distributed in the 

 northeastern United States and parts of Canada, causing considerable mjury to 

 larch trees wherever present. It devours the small, green leaves in early 

 spring as fast as they push out, on many trees the green tissues being eaten 

 out and the leaves left pale and bleached. 



Observations indicate that the larvae molt just before leaving their winter 

 quarters on the branches. They were found active and feeding on April 16, 

 1910, at Ithaca, N. Y. The first pupa was found in the breeding cages on April 

 26, the period of pupation lasting from 2 to 3 weeks. In the insectarv the first 

 moths emerged on May 11 ; they began pairing a few days after emergence and 

 on May 31 eggs were found deposited on leaves in the breeding jars. On June 

 10 the author found eggs in the field in abundance, apparently being placed in- 

 discriminately on either side of the leaves. " Investigation shows that the 

 larva bores through the base of the eggshell and goes directly through the epi- 

 dermis into the leaf beneath the egg. Here the larvae live, mining in the tissues 

 of the leaf, but growing very slowly. The excrement of the tiny larva is packed 

 behind it in the mine. Here the larvae live until September. . . . The larvae now 

 feed on the leaves of the larches until the latter part of October when they 

 migrate to the branches and go into hibernation." 



Summary of food habits of American g'all midges, E. P. Felt {Ann. Ent. 

 Soc. Anicr., Jf {1911), Xo. 1, pp. 55-62). — A brief summary of the food habits of 

 the Itoniilae, better known as the Cecidomyiidae. 



Two rare leaf enem.ies of fruit trees, G. Kobff {Prakt. Bl. Pflanzenbau u. 

 Schutz, n. ser., 8 {1910), No. 9, pp. 101-1 OJf, figs. 2). — ^An account of injury 

 caused by the pear-leaf gall midge Perrisia {Cecidomyia) pyti to the pear at 

 Herrenberg and the leaf-vein gall midge Diplosis {PutonieUa) marsupialis to 

 the plum at Erlangen, Germany. 



A new chironomid miner, V. Willem {Acad. Roy. BcJg. Bui. CI. Set., 1910, 

 No. 1, pp. 33-36). — The larva of a new species of Cricotopus is said to be found 

 in great numbers on the river Lys, near Ghent in Belgium, where they mine 

 the upper surface of the leaves of the fringed water lily ( Limnanthemum nym- 

 phoides ) . 



Some facts indicating- that malaria may be spread throug-h other agencies 

 than the anopheles mosquito, .J. Chico (Amer. .Jour. Pub. Ilyg.. 20 (1910), 

 No. 3. pp. 561-565). — The author here presents the evidence which leads him to 

 think that " the anopheles is not the only vehicle for the spread of malarial 

 diseases." 



Researches on the development of the ox warble (Hypoderma bovis), C. 

 Vaney {Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. [Paris], 152 {1911), No. 5, pp. 283-286).— The 

 author states that in the Lyonnais region, where most of the cattle slaughtered 

 in the summer are of the Charolais breed, the percentage infested by the ox 

 warble varies from 13 to 21. 



Notwithstanding that a very cai'eful search was made from September to 

 December in abattoirs at Lyons, the author did not succeed in finding the small 

 larvae either in the dermis or in the subcutaneous tissue of animals examined 

 at slaughter. During the examinations, however, larvae were found in the 

 esophagus and in the beginning of the rumen. Frequently the larvae were very 

 numerous, as many as 22 being found in the same esophagus. The specimens 

 collected were variable in size, their length varying from 4 to 14 mm. The 

 author considers the great difference in the size of the larvae to be sufficient 



