182 BXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



agglutination is hastened in tlie test tubes and ttic res-ults can be read after the 

 tubes have been placed in tlie incubator for 2 liours." 



In order to determine bow long a time after infection elapses before the 

 reaction appears positive, the authors infected a horse by rubbing a loopful of 

 a virulent culture of glanders bacilli upon the Schneiderian membrane. Five 

 days after the infection a positive reaction was obtained, although the animal 

 did not show any clinical evidence of the disease. 



The blood from 7S7 horses from the District of Columbia and other parts of 

 the United States was examined with the test. Some of the horses were clin- 

 ical cases of glanders, others were simply exposed or contact cases, while 

 another group was selected because they gave atypical and typical reactions 

 with mallein. The results showed that the complement binding or deviation 

 test gave positive findings in 97 per cent of the glanderous cases. It was also 

 determined that in affected horses where atypical or negative results were 

 obtained the cases were old chronic ones, or that they were fresh cases tested 

 luring the period of incubation. In all instances whei-e the animals reacted 

 positively and came to autopsy, lesions were noted in one or more of the organs. 

 Among the horses tested there were also some animals which gave an atypical 

 reaction to the mallein test, but on testing with the complement fixation test 

 they yielded either a positive or a negative result. 



According to the authors, " the results indicate that in the complement fixa- 

 tion we have a method which in accuracy is equal to the tuberculin test for the 

 diagnosis of tuberculosis in cattle." 



The diagnosis of glanders in the cadaver, F. P. Kkyser (Die Diagnose des 

 Rotzes am Kadaver. Inaug. Diss., Bern, 1910, pp. 82, pis 3; abs. in Centbl. 

 BaU. [etc.'], 1. AM., Ref., J,8 {1910), No. 8, pp. 24't, 2J,5).—As cases of occult 

 glanders often occur and the disease is not detected before the animal is 

 slaughtered, the author sought to determine which is the best method to detect 

 this disease in the cadaver. On the basis of his findings he concludes that 

 the guinea pig test and the agglutination test give doubtful results, while the 

 complement-fixation reaction and the microscopic examination give a correct 

 finding. 



The elimination of glanders by the aid of the diagnostic blood examination, 

 Schubert {Arch. Wiss. u. Prakt. Tierheilk., 36 {1910), Sup., pp. 611-628; abs. 

 in Cenibl. Bakt. [etc.], 1. AbL, Ref., JfS {1910), No. 8, p. 248).— As a result of 

 examining 3,286 horses for glanders with the complement-fixation and aggluti- 

 nation tests, among which number 124 reacted positively, the author reached the 

 following conclusions : 



(1) If 0.1 cc. of a horse serum shows a complete deviation of complement 

 the animal should be destroyed without regard to what the finding with the 

 agglutination test may be; (2) if 0.1 cc. of the serum yields only an incomplete 

 deviation, and 0.2 cc. produces a complete or incomplete reaction, the animal 

 should be destroyed without regard to the finding with the agglutination test; 

 (3) the serum of animals which do not react in amounts of 0.2 cc. should be 

 killed only if there is an accompanying agglutination value of over 1,000; (4) 

 horses in which the serum does not deviate with amounts of 0.2 cc. and which 

 possess an agglutination value of not over 1,000 are to be treated as nonsus- 

 pected cases if the blood findings were obtained 14 days after the quarantine 

 has been raised. If the blood findings were obtained less than 14 days before 

 the quarantine was lifted, then a second blood examination is to be made 14 

 days after the first one, and if this yields the same results as the first one, 

 the animals are to be considered as not diseased. 



A comparison of the different methods of preparing hemorrhagic septi- 

 cemia vaccine and the immunizing value of old and new vaccine for hemor- 



