188 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



The accouut shows 56 farms on this estate autl discusses the cropping system 

 oiuployed, terms of rental, nianaj^cement of live stock, relation of the farming 

 system to fertility, value of the system, its distinctive features and its possible 

 improvement. 



Estim.ating rent (lu Stephen's Book of the Farm. Edinburgh and London, 

 1908, vol. 1, 5. ed., rev., pp. 261-210). — The author discusses the theories and 

 gives illustrations of different methods of determining rents, showing that all 

 land can not be valued on the same basis because of the diversification of pro- 

 duction. Isually the rent is estimated according to the condition of the land 

 at the time, but in some instances an estimated interest is allowed on improve- 

 ments in addition to that paid for " the nidestructlble resources of the soil." 



Survey and record of agricultural land in the Netherlands, C. W. Hoff- 

 mann {Verslag. en Meded. Dir. Landb. Dept. Landb., Nijv. en Handel, 1910, No. 

 6, pp. 33-^5). — The article gives a detailed history of registers or surveys of 

 real estate, for the purpose of determining a basis of taxation, in the Nether- 

 lands for more than a century, and discusses and illustrates fully the methods 

 of registering and recording, and the extent, ownership, value of lands, mort- 

 gages, and all other records pertaining to real estate. 



Small holdings {Jour. Roy. Soc. Arts, 59 {1911), No. 30.',S, p. 511).— The 

 author points out some of the defects in the small holdings act and intimates 

 that it has been only a qualified success. In 1895 there were 299,378 holders 

 of parcels between 1 and 50 acres in England and Wales, and in 1909 the num- 

 ber had fallen to 288,011. Since the passage of the act only 519 applicants out 

 of 22,455 have expressed a wish to buy the land. It is shown that this is not 

 due to a lack of desire to purchase but for want of necessary capital for pur- 

 chase and stocking. It is pointed out that the act is deficient in that it does 

 not facilitate purchases. 



Cooperative credit banks, H. W. Wolff {Dairy, 23 {1911), No. 268, pp. 93, 

 9ff). — This paper discusses cooperative credit banking as it is carried on in 

 some foreign countries and shows by comparison the stimulus it would give 

 lo agriculture, commerce, and trade in the United States. It is claimed that 

 the system has much to commend it, since it keeps at home the money produced 

 in a locality and enables even the smallest producer or tradesman to obtain 

 credit on security not recognized by existing institutions. 



It is held that in addition to satisfying an economic want in Germany by 

 providing enormous sums of money, these banks have had a powerful moral 

 influence upon their members. 



Beport of the working of cooperative credit societies in the Punjab for 

 the year ending July 31, 1910 {Rpt. Work. Coop. Credit Soc. Punjab, 1910, 

 pp. 2+2+11+XV). — The annual report of the working of cooperative credit 

 societies in the Punjab for the year ended July 31, 1910, evidences greater 

 progress in the movement than for any previous year. 



It is shown that the rural societies constitute 98 per cent of the whole num- 

 ber, which has more than doubled within the last year, and the working capital 

 has increased in nearly the same proportion. Deposits from nonmembers have 

 increased 350 per cent and loans have increased nearly 140 per cent. The 

 actual working of the rural societies and the success or failure of each is dis- 

 cussed in detail. 



Legislation and state intervention in regard to agricultural insurance 

 {Internat. Inst. Affr. [Rome], Bui. Bur. Eecm. and Soc. Intel., 2 {1911), No. 1, 

 pp. 189-196). — This article discusses the general effects of legislation and 

 s*^ate intervention in regard to agricultural insurance in France, giving sta- 

 tistical tables showing the progress made in cattle insurance in 1909, and a 

 sketch of the results obtained by the insurance societies against hail in 1910. 



