ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY^ENTOMOLOGY. 255 



the more important insect pests that occur in tlie greenhouse, iucludiug the 

 Sciara maggot {tyciara inconstans) which attaclis cucumbers, the greenhouse 

 white fly, the red si)ider, cutworms, of which Peridroma saucin is the most com- 

 mon, phint lice, thrips, of which Thrlps tabaci is said to be the most abundant 

 and troublesome in Illinois, the rose or oblique-banded leaf roller (Caccecia 

 rosaceana), and the greenhouse leaf-tyer (Phlyctcenia ferrugalis). 



The mole cricket (Scapteriscus didactylus), A. Fbedholm (Proc. Agr. Soc. 

 Trinidad and Tohufio. 11 (Hill), Xo. 2, pp. 153-163; abs. in Agr. News [Bar- 

 bndo.s], 10 {1911), No. 233, p. 106).— This is a general account of tlie life his- 

 tory, habits, and remedial measures for the mole cricket, which in Trinidad 

 talies a prominent place among insect pests, it being the most destructive of 

 those that occur in market gardens. Three of the most common birds in 

 Trinidad, the Savannah blaclcbird (Qmscaliis crassirostris) , the tickbird 

 iCrotophaga ant), and LaniuH pitanga feed fi'eely on mole crickets and assist 

 in checking more extensive depredations. 



Poisonetl baits are resorted to as remet^lial measures. 



The Thysanoptera that attack Gramineae in Russia, D. M. Korol.tkow 

 {Izv. Moskov. SelsJc. Khoz. Inst. {Ann. Inst. Agron. Moscou), 16 {1910), No. 3, 

 pp. 192-205, figs. 11). — This is a report of investigations made of the thrips 

 that attack grains and grasses in Russia. The work, which was conducted in 

 cooperation with N. M. Kulagin, was carried on in the fields of the Moscow 

 Agricultural Institute upon winter rye, wheat, oats, timothy, and other grasses. 



Six species were found, namely, Anthothrips aculeatus, Limothrips denti- 

 cornis, Physopus vulgatissimus, Aptcnothrips rufus, A. nitidiilus, and Chiro- 

 thrips manicatus, the first four being the most important. A. aculeatus was 

 found to feed on the ripe pollen and deposit its eggs on the flower apophyses. 



Investigations of Phlceotribus oleae, M. Topi {Atti R. Accad. Lincei. Rend. 

 CI. Sei. Fis., Mat. Nat., 5. ser., 20 {1911), I, No. 1, pp. 52-51).— An account of 

 the life histoi-y and habits of, and injury to the olive by, the scolytid bark 

 beetle P. scarabfvoides {olcw). 



The apple red bugs, C. R. Crosby and C. S. Wilson {New York Cornell Sta. 

 Bui. 291, pp. 213-225, pis. 5, figs. 10). — The capsid bugs Heteroeordylus malinus 

 and Lygidea mendax, to which the common names of apple red bug and false 

 apple red bug, respectively, have been applied, have become a source of injury 

 to apples in New York. Although observed on apples from time to time for a 

 number of years, they did not become of sufficient importance to warrant par- 

 ticular study until the spring of 190S, when a serious outbreak was reported in 

 an orchard at Syracuse, an account of which by M. V. Slingerland has been 

 previously noted (E. S. R., 22, p. 654). 



While the most conspicuous work of the red bug is found on the leaves, those 

 that are badly punctured early in the season becoming curled and in some 

 cases dropping off, yet this damage is very slight. A little later the bugs 

 attack the tender leaves at the tips of the growing branches and frequently 

 stop growth by their punctures. The principal injury, however, is caused by 

 punctures in the young fruit. The bristles of the bug's beak penetrate quite to 

 the center of the young apples, the tissue around each puncture becoming 

 discolored and hardened. Many of the punctured apples fall to the ground, 

 others dry up on the trees, while the remainder mature but are badly deformed 

 and rendered unmarketable. Sometimes a drop of gum oozes from each punc- 

 ture. A grower at Waterloo states that during the past few years the injury 

 in his orchard has amounted to about $1,000 a year, while another at Brockport 

 estimates his yearly loss to be from $300 to $500. In 1909 the presence of 

 aphids in great numbers made any estimate of the extent of red bug injury 

 almost impossible. 



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