ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 259 



other infested orchards. (3) etficienoy of earlier spraj-s, aud (4) the variety 

 of fruit. He considers it folly for anyone to state arbitrarily the exact number 

 of sprays necessary under all conditions to control the codling moth. 



Maize stalk borer, Sesamia fusca, C. W. Mally (Agr. Jour. Cape Good Hope, 

 37 ilDlO), No. 6, pp. 686, 6'87}.— Notes on the migratory habits of the larvae 

 are given. 



Investigations on the cochylis and eudemis moths (Rev. Vit., 35 (1911), 

 No. 89.'i, pp. 11.3-156, pi. 1, figs. 17). — Papers are here presented on the differ- 

 ential biological characteristics of Cochylis ambigiiella and Eudemis hotrana, 

 and their geographical distribution, by J. Feytaud; methods of combating 

 them, by J. Vincens; the destruction of adult moths in Champagne, by P. D6- 

 puiset; preventive treatment in large vineyards, by J. Capus and J. Feytaud; 

 the use of insecticides against the cochylis, by L. Moreau and K. Vinet; the 

 occurrence of these nK)ths in the various Provinces of France; and general 

 conclusions by li. Brunet. 



New treatment of the vine cochylis, Catoni (Feuille Inform. Min. Agr. 

 [Paris], 1910, No. 37; ahs. in Intcrnat. Inst. Agr. [Rome], Bui. Bur. Agr. 

 Intel, and Plant Diseases, 1910, Nov., p. 179). — An emulsion consisting of 

 0.5 kg. of carbon disulphid and 2 kg. of yellow soap in 100 liters of water has 

 been found most efficacious in the destruction of the cochylis. The soap is 

 first dissolvcKl in hot water, the remainder of the 100 liters of water is added 

 cold to tlie emulsion and the carbon disnphid then added while the mixture is 

 emulsified. This emulsion will penetrate the flowers of the grape where the 

 insect lies hidden. 



Nyssomyzomyia rossi and malaria, C. A. Bentley (Paludism [Simla], 

 1911, No. 2, pp. 35-1)2) . — From the observations here reported the author con- 

 eludes that N. rossi is naturally refractory to malarial infection, but that this 

 immunity may sometimes be broken down, notably under conditions insepar- 

 able from feeding experiments conducted with mosquitoes in captivity. 



The seasonal malarial infection of Weocellia Stephens! in Bombay, C. A. 

 Bentley (Paludism- [Simla], IVIl, No. 2, pp. Ji3-51). — The author thinks that 

 existing information justifies the conclusion that the infection of malaria- 

 carrying anopheles both as regards zygotes and sporozoits is subject to seasonal 

 variation, that this variation can not be explained on the ground of change of 

 temperature alone, and that careful investigation into seasonal infection of 

 anopheles is required. 



[Notes on mosquitoes], S. P. James {Paludism [Simla], 1911, No. 2, pp. 52- 

 88, pi. 1). — These notes include provisional lists, etc.. of the anophelines known 

 to occur in India, descriptions of a new anopheline and of a new genus and 

 si^ecies of culicine, and an account of the development of the egg follicle in 

 anophelines by S. K. Christophers. 



Relation of the buffalo or other gnats in Texas to pellagra, F. "W. Mally 

 (Bui. Tex. Bd. HeaWi, 4 {1910), No. 12, pp. 37-36).— The greater number ot 

 250 I'eplies received to a letter of inquiry sent out by the author to physicians 

 in Texas show the majority of pellagra cases to be found in counties in which 

 simulid gnats apparently do not occur. There seems to be a practical unan- 

 imity among the physicians who have treated pellagra cases that they can not 

 trace any relationship to the agency of the buffalo gnat, even where found in 

 their localities. The gnat-infested districts appear to be largely confined to 

 northeast Texas and counties bordering the Sabine, Neches, and Trinity Rivers, 

 thus being practically confined to the area of greatest rainfall in Texas, while 

 the districts where the greatest number of cases of pellagra are found are in the 

 areas of lesser rainfall to the west 



