ANIMAL PRODUCTTON. 273 



(E. S. R., 23, p. 475), but heavy feeding with cottonseed and linseed cakes 

 gave better results than either roots or molascuit. The results of two years' 

 work indicate that molascuit may advantageously be used in place of roots for 

 fattening bullocks in the proportion of 1 pound of molascuit to 14 pounds of 

 roots, where molascuit is quoted at £5 per ton and roots valued on the farm at 

 £7 6d. per ton. 



There appeared to be but little difference in gains between the animals tied 

 in stalls and those running loose in a covered yard. 



Resorption of fat, P. F. Trowbridge {Science, n. ser., 33 {1911), No. 8.'i.'/, pp. 

 3.'/2, 3-'i3). — An abstract of a paper read before the American Association for 

 the Advancement of Science, December, 1910. 



" Seven calves six months old were fed for several months until in a well-fat- 

 tened condition. One, thought to be the least fat, was slaughtered and analyzed 

 as a check animal. The remaining animals were given the same kind of feed 

 but varied in quantity. Two were held at a maintenance ration, two were so 

 fed as to lose one-half pound per day, and the other two so as to gain one- 

 half pound per day. At the end of months one of each gi-oup was 

 slaughtered and analyzed. Tiie remaining submaintenance animal was 

 slaughtered at the end of 11 mouths, and the remaining maintenance animal 

 at the end of 12 months. The supermaintenance animal was not slaughtered, 

 as the one-half pound per day gain at his age (2 years) was sufficient to make 

 him improve in condition. 



"All the maintenance and submaintenance animals lost in fat. The long- 

 maintenance animal gained in total protein and also in fiesh protein. All the 

 animals gained in weight of skeleton from 9.5 to 16.6 per cent. The slceleton of 

 all animals gained in protein, moisture, and ash, and in fat except in that of the 

 long-submaintenance animal, which lost over 75 per cent of its original fat. 

 The animal on long submaintenance (11 months) became greatly emaciated 

 and the analysis showetl that he had used up nearly all of his reserve store 

 of fat, not only from his flesh, but from his skeleton. The short-submaintenance 

 animal (6 months) and the long-maintenance animal (12 mouths) had used up 

 nearly all the reserve fat of the tissues, but had not drawn upon the supply in 

 the skeleton. 



" The loss in moisture is not sufficient to correspond to the loss in protein for 

 a lean meat or connective tissue, which supports the view that in certain stages, 

 at least, of fat resorption the fat is in whole or in part replaced bt water. 



"The normal skeleton contains about 36 per cent moisture. In the long- 

 subniaiuteuance animal it has risen to 53 per cent, while the fat content of the 

 skeleton has dropped from 16 per cent to 3 per cent. In this time the skeleton 

 has gained nearly 1 per cent of its total weight in dry protein. The long- 

 submaintenance animal lost 10,627 gm. in dry protein, but only 24,868 gm. in 

 moisture, which lacks about 16,000 gm. of being enough to make up the protein 

 loss to lean flesh and connective tissue. During this time the loss in fat was 

 43,829 gm.. or about 90 per cent of the total fat present at the beginning." 



Cattle raising in Chiriqui, F. Lindsay (Bui. Pan Amer. Union, 32 {1911), 

 A'o. Jf, pp. 6-'f3-651, figs. 3). — An account of the opportunities offered by certain 

 districts of Panama for cattle raising on the public lands. 



Breeding from ewes at an early age, B. N. Wale {Jour. Southeast. Agr. Col. 

 Wye, 1909, No. 18, pp. 28-31). — A first report of an experiment to ascertain to 

 what extent breeding at 7 months instead of 1 year 7 months would reduce the 

 size, vigor, and constitution of the ewes. For this purpose 50 crossbred Border 

 Leicester and Cheviots were used. Half of the number were mated at 7 months. 

 When producing and rearing a lamb, each ewe was dwarfed to the extent of 

 17 pounds as compared with the unmated ewes. 



