DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING. 277 



chemical products are released and in consequence an increasing number of 

 cliemical reactions are set going. . . . Looked at tliis way, the physical basis 

 of heredity could not be considered a series of equipotent units, but rather it 

 must be regarded as being composed of systems of units of different orders of 

 organization and different degrees of coordination." 



It is state<l that there is no warrant for assuming that chromosomes are 

 more important than other constituents of the nucleus, though they may have 

 many other functions — among them the important one of supplying a particular 

 amount of enzynis — and that the process of mitosis provides for consistency 

 of equilibrium instead of consistency in the number of chromosomes. 



On a new method of determ^ining' correlation, when one variable is given 

 by alternative a.nd the other by multiple categories, K. Pearson ( Biomclriku, 

 7 (J910), No. 3, pp. 2.'i8-257). — The object of the present paper is to carry the 

 idea involved in double-row correlation tables (E. S. R., 22, p. 671) a stage 

 further by supposing the variable classified into multiple categories to be purely 

 qualitative. The theory of the method is given, accompanied bj- illustrations 

 to show its adajttability to a wide range of problems. 



The determination of sex, J. A. Thomson (Jour. Roy. Micros. Soc. [London], 

 1911, No. 2, pp. l.'/l-l.')9). — -Vn address by the president of the Royal Micro- 

 scopical Society, January, 1011. in which recent work on this subject is re- 

 viewed. The following conclusion is subjoined : " There may be no sex de- 

 terminant at all in the usual sense, but what determines sex is a metabolism 

 rhythm, or a relation of nucleoplasm and cytoplasm, or a relation between 

 anabolism and katabolism." 



DAIRY FARMING— DAIRYING. 



An effect of succulent and nonsucculent fodders upon quality and quantity 

 of milk produced by milch cows, A. Miyaw.vki ( Ifoard's Dairyman, Ji2 {1911), 

 No. 11, pp. .j72, iJ7S). — The decline in milk flow was 7.8G per cent when the 

 change of the rations was from corn fodder to corn silage, and 14.19 per cent 

 when the change was made from silage to fodder. The corresponding declines 

 in yield of butter fat were 10.16 and 18.18 per cent. 



There was but little change in the percentage of solids-not-fat, the specific 

 gravity, or the acidity when either change was made in the feed, but the slight 

 difference was always in favor of the succulent ration. The sugar content 

 decreased faster when the nonsucculent ration was changed to the succulent 

 ration than when the reverse change was made. Cows receiving a nonsucculent 

 ration consumed 14.01 per cent more total dry matter for a production of a unit 

 amount of milk, 17.77 per cent more for butter fat production, and 17.24 per 

 cent more for solids-not-fat production than when receiving a succulent ration. 

 The cows maintained their weight when on the succulent ration, but lost an 

 average of 0.23 pound per day on the dry ration. 



Cost of winter feeding in milk production, Dunstan (Trans. Highland 

 and Agr. Soc. Scot., 5. scr., 23 (1911), pp. IJ, 1-1. ',!).— A. study of the cost of 

 millc production on a number of farms. 



"An examination of the figures from 60 farms and 2,038 cows shows that 

 where an average quantity. 20.3 pounds, of hay was used on 22 farms and 519 

 cows, the daily cost of the cows' ration was 17.4 pence, and the cost of pro- 

 duction of a gallon of milk 7.77 pence; whereas on 30 farms (1,324 cows), where 

 the average quantity of hay was 7.8 pounds, these figures were 13 pence 

 and 6.16 pence, respectively, a reduction of 25 per cent and 22.3 per cent, re- 

 spectively. It is probable that the dairy farmer would get equally satisfac- 

 tory milk yields at a reduction of cost if less long hay were fed, and if the 



