278 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



bulky fodder consisted of sound straw and chop with a foddering once a day of 

 long hay." 



" It would seem undesirable from an economic point of view to f(?ed a greater 

 quantity than 60 to 70 pounds of roots per cow per day." 



Influence of temperature on milk yield. — ^Ventilation of cow byres, C, 

 Douglas (Trans. Highlaml and Agr. Soc. Scot., 5. set:, 23 {1911), pp. 170-189).— 

 A continuation of earlier work (E. S. K., 21, p. 376). In these exi3eriments 104 

 pure and crossbred Ayreshires at five different places were used. The per- 

 centage of carbonic acid in freely ventilated stables and in those where the 

 ventilation was restricted and the yields of milk are i)resented in tabular form. 

 The following conclusions are drawn : 



"Any restriction of ventilation sufficient to bring the temperature of a byre 

 up to 60° F. leads to a degree of atmospheric impurity inconsistent with the 

 conditions of perfect health. In byres in which the temperatui-es have been 

 kept down by thorough ventilation in autumn, cows do not suffer either in 

 health or milk yield even from very low temperatures in winter. Whatever 

 waste of food may be entailed in the maintenance of the body heat of cows in 

 colder byres is more than counteracted by the influence of fresher air; while 

 it is evident that the health of animals is much more likely to be promoted by 

 active digestion than by the mere prevention of loss of body heat. It should 

 also be observed that the colder temi^erature in autumn causes the cows to 

 grow and to retain thick coats of winter hair; so that it is not even certain 

 that the body heat is better conserved in the less ventilated byres than iu those 

 which permit the animals to retain their natural coverings. . . . 



"A careful attempt should be made to give such a degree and kind of ven- 

 tilation as will, without creating draughts, keep the temperature of the byre 

 always down to 50°. Special care should be exercised to keep the temperature 

 of the byre well below this point in autumn and early winter." 



Variation in the composition of cow's milk with advance of lactation, 

 C. Crowthkr and A. G. Ruston {Trans. Highland and Agr. Soc. Scot., 5. scr., 

 23 {1911), PP 93-102, fig. 1). — ^The article contains data on the variation in the 

 percentages of fat, ash, protein, and sugar during the lactation period. 



"Tests have brought out very clearly the fact that the variations in the 

 composition of milk M'ith advance of lactation may differ greatly in the case 

 of different cows, so that no precise generalizations upon the subject can be 

 formulated. In general the milk is richest in total solids, fat, and albuminoids 

 in the earliest and latest stages of lactation, and poorest about the second or 

 third month. The sugar content tends to decrease steadily with advance of 

 lactation after the first month or so, but the proportion of ash remains approxi- 

 mately constant." 



In colostrum the proportion of total solids in milk fell rapidly, the loss being 

 mainly in albumin. 



Dairying and milk in Louisiana {Quart. Bui. La. Bd. Health, 2 {1911), 

 No. 2, pp. 36, figs. 12). — This bulletin contains a number of articles on dairy 

 husbandry, the production of sanitary milk in Louisiana, the use of milk as 

 food, and the health train campaign for clean milk, and reports analyses and 

 bacterial counts of milk. 



Equipment and sales on a German dairy farm, H. J. Dunlap {Daily Cons, 

 and Trade Rpts. [U. /S.], 1', {1911), No. Ill, pp. 6-'/9-65^).— Descriptions of 

 equipment and methods of management of a German farm, including methods 

 of utilizing the crops grown, the character of the cattle kept, the management 

 of milk, the value of the milk, and the price of labor are presented. 



Milk tests {Field Expts. Harper-Adarns Agr. Col., and Staffordshire and 

 Shropshire, Rpt. 1910, pp. 53, 5^).— Milk records of the college herd and analy- 



