288 EXPEKTMENT STATION RECORD. 



As regards virnleucy, the bovine type was found to cause generalized tuber- 

 culosis in rabbits in doses of 0.01 lug. wben given intravenously. Human virus 

 when employed in the same dose never produced a generalized tuberculosis, and 

 in many instances it produced nothing at all. Although there is a slight tend- 

 ency to generalization in doses of 1 mg. of human virus, the average findings 

 showed that the dose may be localized in the same organ as with the 0.01 mg. 

 dose. 



AVhere the virulency for calves was tested the injection was made subcuta- 

 neously and in 50 mg. doses. The human type of bacillus caused only local 

 lesions, while the bovine bacillus caused a progressive form of the disease. The 

 authors believe the time for the necessity of using calves for routine differen- 

 tiation has passed. 



According to the authors, all bacilli in cattle and man fall into two types, 

 the bovine and the human, and the various types can be distinguished cultur- 

 ally with surety. Numerous strains of bacilli which were reisolated from 

 calves did not show any change from their previous characteristics. It ap- 

 peared that the resistance in calves was from 140 to 142 days. Forty-four of 

 the strains were tested with the Smith reaction, and 2 viruses which were 

 isolated from man (human type) gave typical bovine curves. 



The results of numerous examinations of the bacilli from 297 patients above 

 16 years of age showed that only in one instance was a bacillus found of 

 bovine origin. Among 54 cases where the ages ranged from 15 to 16, 9 were 

 infected with the bovine type, and in 22 out of 84 children under 5 years of age 

 the bovine type was also found. In order to coi-relate and compare their find- 

 ings with other investigators, 1,040 cases were taken from the literature, and 

 from this it was noted that out of 6SG tuberculosis subjects 16 years of age or 

 over, 9 had the bovine tyiie of bacillus, while in 132 cases between the ages of 

 5 and 16 years, 13 were infected with the bovine type, and out of 120 tubercu- 

 lous subjects under 5 years of age, 59 had the bovine type of bacillus. The 

 greater portion of the infection by the bovine type of bacillus manifested itself 

 by attacking the cervical glands and also within the abdominal cavity. The 

 bovine type evidently plays an important and very significant part in the tuber- 

 culosis of the child, and thus prophylaxis must be extended to its exclusion. 



Studies in regard to antigen formation on protein-free nutrient media. — 

 I, Tuberculin, E. Lowenstein and E. P. Pick {Biochcm. Ztschr., 31 {1911), No. 

 1-2, pp. 11/2-152). — The results show that it is possible to obtain an active 

 tuberculin from a protein-free medium and as a true metabolic product of the 

 tubercle bacillus. It is a heat-stable, dializable, and alcohol-insoluble sub- 

 stance which does not yield the biuret reaction, but is precipitable in an acid 

 solution with tannic acid, potassium mercuric iodid, and mercuric sulphate, 

 and is decomposed by a pepsin-hydrochloric acid solution, and by a trypsin- 

 sodium bicarbonate solution. 



Immunization of cattle ag'ainst tuberculosis, E. C. Scheoeder and J. R. 

 MoHLER (Amer. Yet. Rev., 38 (1910), No. 2, pp. 161-1S3) .—Attev reviewing the 

 literature on the subject and the present status in regard to the efficiency of 

 the various measures for immunizing cattle, the authors give a preliminary 

 report of their work on calves with von Behring's, Pearson's, and Heymann's 

 methods. In addition, some tests are reported in which an attempt was made 

 to confer immunity by subcutaneously injecting tubercle bacilli of various 

 degrees of virulence and by transfusion of blood from artificially immunized 

 animals to susceptible animals. 



From the work it is seen '* that 3 of the 9 cattle treated according to the 

 method of von Behring and afterwards exposed contracted tuberculosis, that 

 one of the 9 cattle treated by the method of Pearson and afterwards exposed 



