290 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



Tlie forensic detection of newly lactating cows, J. Bauer and M. Sassen- 

 HAGEN {Berlin. Ticrdrztl. Wchnschr., 21 (1911), No. 8, pp. Ul-lhh figs. 2).— As 

 it often becomes a legal question as to whether a certain cow is in the first 

 stages of lactation, the authors discuss the various criterions, such as the pres- 

 ence of a calf, its age, Avitncssos of the birtli, tlie puerperal changes in the 

 genitals and udder, the condition of the mammary gland and its secretion, and 

 the value of the complement-binding or fixation method for testing the secretion. 

 Tlie method for making the hemolytic test is describe! in detail. 



Treatment of prolapsus uteri, R. Groag (Allatorvosi Lapok, 33 (1910), No. 

 15, pp. Ill, 112; ahs. in Berlin. Tierdrztl. Wchnschr., 21 (1911), No. 8, p. 134). — 

 The author replaced a prolapsed uterus in a cow in a lying-down position, 

 using no antisei)tics except a little lukewarm water. 



The occurrence and significance of streptococci in milk, J. Baeur (Vor- 

 kommcn uml Bcdcutung dcr Btreptolcol-kcn in der Milch. Inaug. Diss., Univ. 

 Bern, 1910, pp. l-'i, pi. 1). — Only 2 out of 81 samples of milk collected in 

 Diisseldorf and thereabouts were found to contain the Streptococcus pj/ogcnes. 

 In one of the two cases their presence was due to udder disease. In almost 

 all of the milks (75 per cent) streptococci could be detected with Petruschky's 

 method. They were identical with the Streptococcus lacticus described by 

 Kruse, and probably originated from the feces. 



Investigations in regard to white scours in calves, C. Titze and A. Wetchel 

 (Arb. K. Gsndhtsamt., 33 (1910), No. 3, pp. 5i 6-5-58). —Following a detailed 

 review of work already reported in regard to this disease, the authors give the 

 results of their biological and enzootiological investigations, which were begun 

 in June, 1908. 



In the biological work 210 calves' dysentery strains from various sources 

 were examined and compared with various strains of human dysentery and 

 other intestinal bacteria. Out of the 210 strains, 160 were found to be Bac- 

 terium coU communi, 24 B. enteritidis (Gartner), 16 pseudocoli bacilli, 4 

 paracoli bacilli, and 2 strains each of Bacillus paratyphosis B, B. lactis 

 aerogencs, and B. proteus miradilis. A bacillus was also isolated which stands 

 intermediately between the Gartner bacillus and the paratyphoid B bacillus, 

 and which was differentiated from the former only by the agglutination test, 

 as in other respects it was the same. The authors propose the name of Bacillus 

 paracoli for it. 



It was furthermore noted that the clinical manifestations of white scours 

 could be produced with the dysentery coli bacillus, pseudocoli bacillus, Giirt- 

 ner's bacillus, and paracoli bacillus, and in rare instances with the paratyphoid 

 B bacillus. The Gartner bacilli and the paracoli bacilli were found to produce 

 the severest forms of the disease in suckling calves. On autopsy in many in- 

 stances the paracoli and paratyphoid B bacilli were found in the muscles and 

 organs of the same calf, and from this the authors conclude that the disease is 

 probably not a snecific one. The bacilli were excreted in the urine and feces 

 from the infected animals. 



The authors further found that in most instances the infection was extra- 

 uterine, and in the majority of cases the infective agent was taken up with 

 the food. The strains of the dysentery bacterium causing the disease in man 

 could not be noted in the enzootics investigated, nor were the authors able to 

 note any relation of the Bacillus pyocyancus, B. proteus, and the various 

 species of cocci to the disease in calves. The question of the dissemination 

 and combating of the disease is also discussed. 



" Garrotilho " of hogs, A. Carini (Rec. Med. V4t., 81 (1910), No. 2, pp. 56- 

 58; al)s. in CentM. Bakt. [etc.], 1. AW., Bef., ^8 (1910), No. 8, p. 227).— Under 



