VETERINARY MEDICINE. 291 



the name of " garrotilho " a sporadic disease of hogs occurs in Brazil which 

 is characterized by a progressive enlargement of the cervical glands and an 

 edematous infiltration in the locality of the pharynx and trachea. Symptomati- 

 cally it shows dyspnea associated with an audible bruit and difficulty in swal- 

 lowing. Death generally occurs suddenly and a few days after the onset of 

 the disease as a result of asphyxiation. Anthrax bacilli were isolated from 

 the glands. 



A case of prolapsed rectum in a hog' which was treated surgically, P. 

 GoROGH (AUatorvosi La<pok, 32 {1909), No. /f6, p. 566; abs. in Berlin. Tiei-drztl. 

 Wchnschr., 27 {1911), No. 8, p. 134). — A case is reported in which a rectal pro- 

 lapse extending about 20 cm. outward was successfully treated by resecting the 

 necrosed section of the gut. 



Hog' cholera and state vaccination, J. F. Stanford {Arkansas 8ta. Circ. 12, 

 pp. 8, figs. 5). — This is a popular account of hog cholera and its prevention 

 through the use of hyiierimmuue serum. An appropriation of $2,000 made 

 possible the preparation and distribution of antihog-cholera serum in Arkansas. 

 The work was taken up by the department of bacteriology and animal pathol- 

 ogy in cooperation with this Department during the spring of 1907 and con- 

 tinued until July 1, 1909, when it was transferred to the department of veteri- 

 nary science of the college. 



The significance of the microscopic blood examination for the infectious 

 diseases which occur in the horse, with particular reference to diagnosis 

 and prognosis, F. Berger {Die Bedeutung dcr mikroskopischcn Blutuntersu- 

 cliuitg 6ei den Infektionskrankheiten des Pferdes in bezug auf Diagnose und 

 Prognose. Inaug. Diss., Univ. Bern, 1909, pp. 87, pi. 1). — After reviewing the 

 existing work on the histology, physiology, and pathohistology of the blood of 

 the horse, the author details his own results with horses affected with stran- 

 gles and influenza. 



It is shown that in equine influenza a hyi">erleucocytosis is usually present, 

 but that the amount has no relation to the degree or severity of the disease. 

 No pai-allel could be noted between the leucocytosis and the height of the 

 fever. It was further noted that the percentage of neutrophils is changed, the 

 polymorphonuclears increasing at the expense of the mononuclears, and the 

 eosinophils disappearing at the height of the disease but beginning to return 

 when the inflammatory process begins to subside. In strangles at its initia- 

 tion a very slight leucocytosis is present, but this increases when the glands 

 begin to swell and remains high until the abscess has fully formed, after which 

 the leucocytes begin to fall to the normal amount again. A parallel exists 

 between the leucocytosis and abscess formation. If a new swelling is produced, 

 then the leucocyte content begins to rise anew and goes through the usual 

 cycle. 



The above hematological findings are compared with the results obtained by 

 the author with normal animals. 



The use of Gans' polyvalent serum against strangles, A. Schwarz {Die 

 Anivendung von polyvalentem Druseserum Gans. Inaiig. Diss., Univ. Bern, 

 1909, pp. 87). — As a protective vaccination with foals this serum in the hands 

 of the author gave good results. 



In regard to the curative value of the serum, he first points out that other 

 conditions which are accompanied by swollen glands may be easily mi.staken 

 for strangles, but he considers a case strangles only when purulent coalescence 

 of the glands has taken place. If a marked enlargement of the throat glands 

 is present, or if they have gone on to abscess fonnation, the serum, even if 

 injected repeatedly, will not influence the course of the disease and will seldom 

 prevent the occurrence of complications. In about 20 per cent of the cases 



