294 EXPERIMENT STATION EECORD. 



first mistake made in the organization of the agricultural bank of Egypt is, 

 that under it, real credit, secured by mortgage, is made to serve the purpose 

 of personal, for the provision of working capital for a limited time." 



A model cooperative marketing association {Farmer, 20 {1911), No. 11, 

 pp. 613, 617). — This article describes the woiking of the Producers' Cooperative 

 I\Iarketing Association and shows what it is doing in noi-theast Minnesota in 

 bringing producer and consumer into closer touch with each other and eliminat- 

 ing the speculator. 



The principal market is at Duluth, where the association has market places 

 and warehouses supervised by a board of directors and a manager who have 

 authority to grade or reject any produce sent for disposal. As a rule, produce 

 is sold direct to the dealer. A charge of 10 per cent is deducted from receipts of 

 produce to pay for expenses of handling and selling. The market has only 

 been in operation a short time but the amount of business transacted for the 

 first six months amounted to over $30,000. 



It is stated that attempts to weaken the association by occasionally offering 

 extra prices for farm produce have been wholly unsuccessful. Members of the 

 association are planting in most cases five times as much land to garden prod- 

 uce as in former years. It is suggested that the plan can easily be carried 

 out in other localities. 



[Agricultural cooperative societies in Germany] {Internat. Inst. Agr. 

 [Rome], Bui. Bwr. Econ. and Soc. Intel, 2 {1911), No. 2, pp. 17-37).— At the 

 close of 1910 the agricultural cooperative societies in Germany numbered 

 24,175, including 94 central societies, 15,616 rural credit banks, 2,265 societies 

 for the purchase and sale of supplies, 3.213 creameries, 151 societies for the 

 sale of milk, and 2,836 other societies. Further statistics as to cooperative 

 societies are given and the work of the federations and central institutions of 

 the cooperative societies and of the large agricultural associations is presented 

 and discussed. 



New statistics of agricultural cooperation in Austria {Internat. Inst. Agr. 

 [Rome], Bui. Bur. Econ. and Soc. Intel., 2 {1911), No. 2, pp. 38-76). — Data are 

 presented as to agricultural cooperation in Austria, including statistics as to 

 the cooperative credit societies, warehouses, creameries, and federations of co- 

 operative societies. 



At the end of 1907 Raiffeisen banks numbered 5,880 with 752,666 members. 

 The total amount paid up on shares was 9,096,743 crowns, and the amount of 

 loans gi-anted by the banks at the end of the year was 428,242,262 crowns. The 

 amount of saving deposits and deposits in current accounts averages 94,612 

 crowns per bank and 767 crowns per member, indicating a considerable influence 

 of these banks in inducing thrift among the rural population. 



Tables and illustrations accompanied by discussions explain the work and 

 success of many other cooperative organizations. 



Insurance against accidents in agricultural labor and Signer Luzzatti's 

 bill on the subject {Internat. Inst. Agr. [Rome], Bill. Bur. Econ. and Soc. 

 Intel., 2 {1911), No. 2, pp. 151-168). — This article discusses some of the more 

 important features of the present law in Italy upon accidents in labor gen- 

 erally (E. S. R., 21, p. 492) ; the bill proposed by A. Conti on the obligatory 

 insurance of peasant laborers against accidents in their labor (E. S. R., 22, p. 

 91) ; and the bill presented by Senator Luzzatti to the Italian Senate December 

 5, 1910. The fundamental points of discussion have been classified as follows : 

 (a) Limits of the application of the law; (&) systems of compensation; (c) 

 persons charged with the cost and apportionment of the cost of insurance; and 

 (d) organization of insurance. 



