METEOROLOGY WATER. 317 



Occurrence and conipositioni of well waters in the granites of New England, 

 F. G. Clapp (pp. 40-47). — Most of the wells drilled in granite in New England 

 yield enough water of good quality for the domestic needs of a family. 



Pollution of underground waters in limestone, G. C. Matson (pp. 48-56). — The 

 putting of sewage or filth of any kind in limestone sinks is condemned as likely 

 to pollute underground water channels for long distances from the source of 

 contamination. 



Protection of shallow wells in sandy deposits, M. L. Fuller (pp. 57-65). — It is 

 shown that pure water is sometimes obtained from shallow wells in polluted 

 sands. This is explained as due to the fact that " the alternation of layers of 

 materials of different texture, even if all are pervious, and the presence of 

 stratification planes in uniform materials tend to obstruct the downward pas- 

 sage of water and to confine pollution to the upper portion of the ground-water 

 body — the part immediately below the water table." 



Saline artesian waters of the Atlantic coastal plain, S. Sanford (pp. 75-86). — 

 Areas, usually in low ground and near large bodies of salt water, where salt 

 water may be obtained, are more numerous than has been supposed. " There is 

 no foundation for the opinion that fresh water can always be found below salt 

 or can be found in a particular formation where salt water has been found in 

 an overlying formation." 



There are also papers on Composition of Mineral Springs in Maine (pp. 

 66-74), and Underground Waters near Manassas, Va. (pp. 94-97), by F. G. 

 Clapp; Magnetic Well, by M. L. Fuller (pp. 87-93); and Utilization of the 

 Underflow near St. Francis, Kans.. by H. C. Wolff (pp. 98-119). 



The quantities of chlorin and sulphur carried into the soil by atmospheric 

 precipitation, lA. Vityn (Zhur. Opytn. Agron. (Russ. Jour. Expt. Landio.), 

 12 (1911), No. 1, pp. 20-32). — From results of analyses of atmospheric pre- 

 cipitation collected at 8 different places in Russia and of drainage waters from 

 lysimeters filled with sandy soil the following conclusions are drawn : 



The atmospheric preci])itation carried considerably more chlorin and sulphur 

 into the soil than was contained in relatively high yields of grain and straw. 

 The principal source of chlorin was sea water, from which it was carried in the 

 form of sodium chlorid. The principal source of sulphuric acid was sulphurous 

 acid, a product formed from burning wood and coal, as was borne out by the 

 fact that soils of regions where forest industries and coal mines were most 

 numerous showed the highest sulphuric acid content. 



For the St. Petersburg district the highest quantities of chlorin were pre- 

 cipitated in the spring and fall, this being associated with the prevailing west 

 sea winds. The sulphuric acid content was highest for the St. Petersburg and 

 Mariupol districts in winter, the time when much wood and coal was burned in 

 the homes, and when the factories increased their activity. 



Increased precipitation for brief periods of time decreased the chlorin and 

 sulphuric acid contents of the precipitation. The lysimeter water for a given 

 length of time contained somewhat higher quantities of chlorin and sulphuric 

 acid than were precipitated. 



Home waterworks — a manual of water supply in country homes, C. J. 

 Lynde (New York, 1911, pp. XII+210, figs. 106).— In this handbook, which the 

 author considers suitable for reading and study by children in continuation 

 classes and In high schools, the general questions of water supply are considered 

 and also problems of bringing water into the house, methods of pumping, plumb- 

 ing and sewage disposal, water power, and related matters. 



An analytical and epidemolog'ical study of farm water supplies, K. F. 

 Kelleeman and H. A. Whittaker (Amer. Jour. Puh. Hyg., 20 (1910), No. 3, 

 pp. 654-657). — Previously noted from another source (E. S. R., 22, p. 16). 



