FIELD CROPS. 329 



In Hawaii " It has been shown that cotton will thrive under a wide range of 

 rainfall, from 25 to 100 in. per year, and at a considerable variation of altitude, 

 from sea level to 1,600 ft." Because of its upright habit of growth Caravonica 

 cotton has proved superior to sea-island, which fruits so heavily that the 

 branches lie on the ground, causing the bolls to rot. One sea-island plant pro- 

 duced 700 bolls of cotton and one tree 1,200 bolls. Pruning experiments are be- 

 ing conducted to determine whether the sea-island cotton can not be induced to 

 adopt an upright habit of growth, at least during the second and subsequent 

 years of growth. Pure strains have been propagated by means of cotton cuttings, 

 a number of which are about to come into bearing. Propagation by means of 

 budding has proved easy, but its economy on a commercial scale is not yet 

 determined. 



In the system of double cropping of rice followed by Chinese growers in the 

 islands, fertilizer is applied only to the spring crop. Work has been taken up 

 to determine the residual effect on the fall crop of this application and whether 

 satisfactory yields may be obtained by the use of fertilizers under continuous 

 cultivation of rice. Soine results of fertilizer experiments with rice already 

 noted (E. S. R., 20. pp. 137; 24, p. 035) are reviewed. 



Among introductions from China and Japan of 100 of the most distinct 

 types, Benkei, Miyako, Omachi, and Shinriki are described, Omachi and Shin- 

 riki excelled the old-type Japan rice. No. 158, in yield of paddy per 100 clumps 

 and bring high market prices, since they find especial favor among the Japanese 

 population of the islands. Some strains of the old type which are being devel- 

 oped are now in the seventh generation. " Increase in yield has been less 

 noticeable than greater purity and uniformity." 



Among the new varieties of rice introduced by the station, No. 19 (S. P. I., 

 No. 12508), introduced in 1907, appears to have found favor among intelligent 

 rice growers and is reported as well suited to the salt-marsh lands. It is 

 regarded as desirable to combine the hard, translucent grain and heavy tillering 

 power of this variety with the all-season cropping habits of Gold Seed. The 

 observations made agree with those of Japanese investigators, who find that a 

 natural hybrid among rice varieties is " of rare occurrence, notwithstanding the 

 fact that more than 600 varieties have been grown in close proximity for sev- 

 eral years past." 



Rice rotation work with barley, cowpeas, soy beans, velvet beans, jack beans 

 iCanavalia ensiformis) , and the Chinese matting plants (Juncus effusus and 

 Cyperus tegetiformis) has been taken up. Among 50 of the best hulled and 

 naked Japan paddy field barleys tested, a large percentage failed to head, but 

 20 varieties of a very dwarf type set seed and appeared fair yielders of grain. 

 Astragalus used for green manuring proved an entire failure. Windsor beans 

 made a vigorous growth, but almost entirely failed to set seed. Mammoth 

 Yellow soy beans produced 2,500 lbs. of cured fodder (including seeds), or 675 

 lbs. of seed per acre. Velvet beans yielded 3,420 lbs, of cured fodder or 145 lbs. 

 of seed. Cowpeas yielded 7,200 lbs. of cured fodder or 1,417 lbs. of seed, and 

 jack beans, 4.0GO lbs. of cured fodder. In earlier trials also the cowpeas 

 outyielded all other legumes both in green matter and seed. 



In a cooperative experiment at Kunia on a light, deep, silty loam, about 600 

 ft. above sea level, the Seabrook variety of sea-island cotton with a yield of 

 212 lbs. of lint per acre excelled Caravonica, :snt Afifl. and the upland variety 

 Chinese. Low yields are attributed to a rainfall of only 22 in. for the year and 

 a destruction of SO per cent or less of the stand by cutworms, which necessitated 

 much replanting. Caravonica cotton gave the greatest promise as a drought 

 resister. 



