HORTICULTURE. 337 



The methods of propagating mangoes previously noted (E. S. R., 22, p. 642) 

 have continued to give good results, and the continued tests of the possibility 

 of transplanting the mango trees show that this operation is relatively simple 

 and successful in a majority of cases. A list is given of the varieties of mangoes 

 now growing at the station. 



Observations made on papayas show that both dicecious and monoecious types 

 with various intermediate forms occur in Hawaii. Only a few fruits are borne 

 on the stamiuate trees of the dioecious type, whereas the monoecious tyi^e bears 

 fruit on every tree. It is impossible to distinguish the pistillate and stamiuate 

 trees at an early age, hence in orchards planted with the dioecious type a cer- 

 tain percentage of the trees will prove to be males and therefore sterile. It 

 seems best to use only the monoecious type for breeding and selection purposes. 

 The work of breeding papayas has been commenced and there is evidence that 

 ultimately a strain will be produced which will come true from seed. 



Several new varieties of oranges, pomelos, and lemons were introduced dur- 

 ing the year. Successful trial shipments of sweet potatoes to San Francisco 

 were made. It appears to be a good practice to make at least one planting of 

 sweet potatoes for shipment to California some time during the interval be- 

 tween the first of May a)id the middle of July, when the local i)otatoes are off 

 the market. Yellow-flesh varieties were preferred. 



Brief notes are given on the mangosteen {Garcinia mangostana), litchi 

 (NepheUiim litchi), and Carissa arduiana, a South African fruiting shrub in- 

 troduced by this Department. Experiments in growing deciduous fruits at 

 higher altitudes indicate that the outlook is promising for the production of 

 apples, peaches, and grapes. 



Tree tanglefoot was used on the deciduous plantings as well as on the sta- 

 tion trees for the purpose of preventing ants, cutworms, and other injurious 

 insects from ascending the trees. Under certain conditions it has proved quite 

 effective. Where it has been allowed to remain on peach trees for many 

 months, however, the trees were killed. It is recommended that with peach 

 trees particularly the tanglefoot should not be applied directly to the bark but 

 rather to a bund of cheap cotton which has previously been dipped in hot 

 paraffin. 



[Notes on horticultural investig'ations], B. S. Pickett (New Hampshire 

 Sta. Bui. 151, pp. 27-29). — A brief statement of progress made in horticultural 

 investigations at the station during the biennial period ended November 1, 

 1910. 



The effect of various cultivation and fertilizer treatments on the formation of 

 fruit buds is being studied in an apple orchard consisting of some 300 trees. 

 The results noted in 1910, or during the third season, are tabulated showing the 

 fertilizer, cover crop, and cultural treatments, and the percentages of full 

 bloom on each plant. Generally speaking, the plats which were cultivated each 

 year have made the most wood growth and the sod plats the least. Thus far 

 the fertilizers do not appear to have influenced the rate of wood growth. 



The rejuvenation of orchards. — Report of spraying' experiments in south- 

 eastern Ohio, 1910, F. H. Ballou (OJiio Sfa. Bill. 224, PP- 117-150, figs. 20).— 

 Following demonstration experiments conducted in 1909 by the station in Wash- 

 ington County on the control of apple scab with Bordeaux mixture (E. S. R.. 24, 

 p. 544), this bulletin contains the results of spraying operations conducted by 

 the station and by individual growers during the season of 1910. 



In the experiments conducted by the station lime-sulphur was used under 

 many conditions of soil and elevation and on quite a number of the better-known 

 varieties of apples. As compared with Bordeaux of various strengths, the re- 

 sults warranted the substitution of lime-sulphur for Bordeaux mixture. The 



