HORTICULTURE. 339 



bined treatment are recommended, unless the curculio is very destructive, since 

 a third treatment would increase the danger of injury. Arsenate of lead in- 

 creases the color of the fruit notably and this increase in color from the 2 ap- 

 plications of the combined mixture improves the appearance of the fruit, whereas 

 the use of arsenate of lead alone creates an excessive coloration, which is 

 often followed by brown sunken spots and more or less extensive cracking of 

 the skin. 



From the experience of the authors, it is concluded that in most of the 

 peach orchards of the eastern United States an increase per tree of at least 

 i bu. of good merchantable fruit may be obtained from spraying at a cost of 

 from 3 to 5 cts. 



Apple growing' in New Eng'land. — IV, Orchard management, C. D. Jarvis 

 (Connecticut Starrs Sta. Bui. 66, pp. 217-263, figs. 35).— The preceding bulletin 

 of this series on apple growing in New England (E. S. R., 23, p. 242) con- 

 siders the subject of starting young orchards. The present bulletin discusses 

 the various phases of orchard management, including general considerations 

 relative to specialization and diversified farming and the limiting factors in 

 orcharding, cultural systems, soil management, fertilizing, pruning, spraying, 

 and thinning. The bulletin is intended for the diversified farmer more than for 

 the specialized apple grower. 



Fertilization and cultural methods for apple orchards, J. P. Stewart 

 {Penn. Dept. Agr. Bui. 197, 1910. pp. 94-112).— The subject matter of this 

 paper has been noted from another source (E. S. R., 23, p. 341). 



Banana culture, R. Rung (Mitt. Justus Perthes' Geogr. Anst., Ergdnzungsh. 

 169, pp. Vin+117, pis. IJf, map 1). — In this work the banana is considered rela- 

 tive to its geographic distribution, industrial importance, and cultural history 

 in the various producing countries. 



Biometric investigations on a graft hybrid between the pear and quince, 

 L. Daniel {Compt. Rend. Acad. 8ci. [Paris], 152 (1911). No. 18, pp. 1186- 

 1188). — This consists of a biometric study of the leaf notches of a graft hybrid 

 between the pear and quince as compared with the leaves of a pear of the 

 same variety as the scion growing on its own roots. Measurements of 1,034 

 leaves were made. 



The data show the leaf characters to be more or less intermediate between 

 the parent stock and the parent scion. 



A study of the improvement of citrus fruits through bud selection, A. D. 

 Shamel (U. 8. Dept. Agr., Bur. Plant Indus. Circ. 77, pp. 19, figs. .5).— This cir- 

 cular has been prepared with a view to supplying information to investigators 

 and fruit growers in different parts of the United States regarding the methods 

 of work used in investigating the variation in the yield of citrus fruits in Cali- 

 fornia. No attempt is made to present definite results. The investigation has 

 for its object the demonstration of methods for the elimination of unprofitable 

 trees in citrus groves and the pi'oduction of reliable select citrus trees for new 

 plantings. 



The various phases discussed include varieties of citrus fruits selected for 

 performance records, location of performance-i'ecord plats, selection of individ- 

 ual trees, tree markers and numbers, performance records, photographs, picking, 

 grading and sizing, counting and weighing, record blanks, arrangement of data 

 and photographs, note taking, citrus improvement clubs, importance of uni- 

 formly productive trees, and the value of reliable select trees. 



The cultivation of guavas near Poona, Dharwar, and Limbgaon, L. B. 

 KtTLKARNi (Dept. Agr. Bombay Bui. 40, 1911, pp. 12, pis. Jf). — Brief descriptive 

 accounts are given of the cultural methods employed in the above-named re- 



4496°— No. 4—11 4 



