ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 357 



of winter varieties, it is the early drops tliat slioiild be disposed of in order to 

 desti'oy the maggots. 



In investigations made to determine how soon after dropping the maggots 

 leave the apples, " it was found that in the case of such varieties as the August 

 Sweet or the Early Harvest some maggots began to emerge within 36 hours, 

 though they did not come out in large numbers until 3 or 4 days had elapsed 

 since the apple fell from the tree. With varieties such as the Gravenstein a 

 week elapsed before the maggots began issuing in any considerable numbers. 

 In the case of winter fruit, such as the Westfield, practically no maggots emerged 

 until after the apples had betm off the tree from 2 to 4 weeks." In the case of 

 fall fruit it is thought to be sufficient if the drops are cleaned up twice a week, 

 while with the winter fruit the same results will be obtained by cleaning up 

 once in 2 weeks. The author finds that there is nothing to indicate that the 

 adult flies normally travel any great distance. 



Experiments indicate that it is not ix)ssible to bury the pupae so deep by 

 plowing that the flies will be unable to reach the surface, thus corroborating 

 the observations made at the Rhode Island Station (E. S. R., 10, p. 794). The 

 author reports that by spraying with sweetened arsenical, practically perfect 

 fruit were obtained from an August Sweet tree which during previous years 

 yieldetl worthless fruit only. 



The author reports that during the season of 1910 there was an almost com- 

 plete cessation of the abnormal numbers of the antlered maple worm {Hetero- 

 campa (jiitUvitia) (E. S. R., 21, p. 759). Specimens were observed at various 

 points but they did not appear in sufficient numbers to cause injury. 



Brief notes are also given on experiments in the control of the black fly 

 (E. S. R., 23. p. 359). 



Sixth annual report of the state entomolog'ist and plant pathologist for 

 1910, G. M. Bentley {liicn. Rpt. Tvnn. Dept. A(/r., 1909-10, pp. 19-69, pis. 19, 

 fig. 1). — This report includes an account of the periodical cicada {Cicada trede- 

 cim) in Tennessee in 1911, notes on the important insects that occurred during 

 the year, the laws and regulations relating to nursery inspection, etc. 



[Reports of the entomolog'ist and assistant entomolog'ist], F. W. Urich and 

 P. L. GUPPY (Bd. Agr. Trinidad Circ. 2, 1911, pt. 1, pp. 5-11). —In these brief 

 reports of the work of the year mention is made of the occurrence of sugar-cane, 

 cacao, coconut-palm, and other insects. 



Insect pests in 1910, R. S. MacDougall {Tram. Highland and Agr. Soc. 

 Scot., 5. scr., 23 {1911), pp. I'll-lol). — The author foimd during the year that 

 the black-blue fly {ProtocalUnhora grcenlaMica) attacks live sheep and that 

 its maggots, like those of Lucilia sericata and CalUphora crythrocephala, are 

 the source of injury to sheep in Scotland. Dermestes vulpinus was found to 

 riddle completely with holes recently placed wooden beams in a guano factory. 

 Notes are also presented on the occurrence of the large larch sawfly {Ncmatus 

 ericlisoni) , the raspberry beetle {Byturus tomentosiis), and the raspberry moth 

 {Lampronia rubiella). 



Some local insects of economic importance, A. F. Navarro {Philippine Agr. 

 and Forester, 1 {1911), 'So. 2, pp. 32-35). — Notes are presented on a number of 

 insects of economic importance at Los Banos, P. I., namely, the corn-moth borer 

 {Pyraiista vastatrix) , the banana leaf roller {Erionota thrax), the ilang-ilang 

 moth (Attacvs atlas lorquinii), the gabi moth {Cha-rocampa celerio), a nym- 

 phalid {Anosia chrysippus), the red cotton bug {Dysdercus cingulatus), the rice 

 army worm {Spodoptera mauritia), a pierid {Catopsila pyranthe), and an 

 aganaid {Asoia philippina). 



[Control of citrus insects], J. E. Higgins {Haicaii Sta. Rpt. 1910. pp. 35, 

 36). — The author finds fumigation with hydrocyanic-acid gas to be the most 



