ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 373 



was not greater than that from slag alone. The effect of the dressing was not 

 exhausted in 9 years. 



"The feetling of calve gave the worst return of all for the expenditure. In no 

 case did it pay, either in the direct increase made by the sheep or in the im- 

 provement effected in the pasture. Generally speaking, very little result is re- 

 coverable on these soils from the manure residue of the cake used. 



" When the soil is covered with a very thick coarse sod of grass of poor 

 quality, clover plants and the fine grasses have not room to develop, and the 

 effect of the manure is shown only very slowly. On such pasture sheep alone 

 are unable to eat down the grass properly, and better results are obtained when 

 sheep and cattle are grazed on the same land. On such land cattle make far 

 greater live weight increase per acre than sheep." 



[Experiments with, sheep], T. R. Arkell (New Hampshire Sta. Bui. 151, 

 pp. 32-38). — A report of progress of work in sheep breeding and feeding begun 

 in 1908. The breeds used were Dorset, Hampshire, Shropshire, Southdown, 

 Merino, Leicester, and Rambouillet. Records are kept of 26 characteristics for 

 each sheep. The present report treats of the results obtained with the Fi gen- 

 eration only. " The Fi heterozygotes produced from a cross between sheep pos- 

 sessing respectively very dark and pure white hair color usually present a 

 mosaic appearance. However, in every instance there is a clear preponderance 

 of the black color. It also appears from experimental evidence we have on hand 

 that skin pigmentation in sheej) is inherited in a similar fashion." 



The inheritance of horns agrees with the results obtained by Wood (E. S. R. 

 22, p. 378). An extended distribution of wool about the face, ears, and legs 

 appears to dominate over the less extended or sparser covering. Skin folding 

 appears to be dominant over the smooth skin, and white wool dominant over 

 black. The best results obtained in raising early lambs were the crosses of the 

 Hampshire or Shropshire ram on Merino, Merino grade, or Desert Horn ewe 

 The early lambs shrank in dressing from 50 to 55 per cent. 



A brief report is made of a feeding test, details of which will be given in a 

 forthcoming bulletin. 



The development of the skeleton of sheep under normal conditions, with 

 insufficient feed, and after castration at an early ag'e, N. Tschirwinsky 

 (Arch. Mikros. Anat. u. Entwicklungsgesehichte, 75 (1910), No. 3, pp. 522-561; 

 uhs. in Zcntbl. Allg. u. Expt. Biol., 1 (1910), No. 9-10, p. 3Ji2; Zentbl. Gesam. 

 Physiol, u. Path. Stoffwcchsels, n. ser., 6 (1911), No. 5, pp. 223, 22^).— A short 

 resumS of a more extensive work in Russian, which contains a large amount of 

 data on the form, size, and differences in weight of sheep. 



The differences between the skeleton in normal and abnormal animals are 

 pointed out. Castration of lambs at 1 month of age lengthens the neck and 

 the long bones, shortens and broadens the os iunominatum, inhibits the growth 

 of horns, changes the skull in many ways, and affects the weight and height 

 of the different parts of the body disproportionately. 



Periodic migration in Spain, A. I'rieourg (Ann. Q6ogr., 19 (1910), No. 

 105, pp. 231-2.iJf, pis. 2, figs. 3). — This discusses the climatic and economic con- 

 ditions which have affected the periodic migrations of flocks of sheep between 

 winter and summer pastures. The distribution of sheep and the routes of 

 migrating flocks are illustrated by maps. 



Sheep raising- in Russia, R. R. Pravokhenski (Ezheg. Dept. Zeml. [Russia], 

 30 (1909), pp. 459-^8-'/, eharts 5). — A historical survey of the development of 

 sheep raising in Russia, and a description of the present condition of this 

 industry. According to the best available statistics in 1909 European Russia 

 contained 85,000,000 sheep, or 34 sheep to every 100 persons. 



