HORTICULTURE. 447 



ment, and the effect of reheating the solution before using. The results, which 

 are presented in tabular form and discussed, are summarized as follows: 



" If formula 50 : 100 : 50 or 00 : 125 : GO or any other formula providing for an 

 excess of sulphur is to be used, the lower the amount of magnesia in the lime 

 used, the greater the amount of sulphur to go into solution. If an analysis 

 of the lime used is available, an amount of lime should be used so that there 

 shall be twice as much sulphur as calcium oxid. It is only in this way that 

 a maximum amount of sulphur can be made to dissolve. There is no particular 

 advantage to be gained by filtering the lime-sulphur solutions before storing. 

 While there is a slightly greater dropping off in the total sulphur in the un- 

 filtered solution than in the filtered, there is a smaller decrease in the sulphid 

 sulphur in the unfiltered than in the filtered, provided an excess of sulphur 

 has been used in the manufacture of the solution. In those solutions, in the 

 manufacture of which an excess of sulijhur has been used, only a very slight 

 increase in the amount of total sulphur in solution is observed when the solu- 

 tion is reheated before using. This increase is not sufficient to pay for the 

 cost of such an operation." 



Manufacture and storage of lime-sulphur spray, A. J. Patten {Michigan 

 Sta. Cin: 10, pp. 69-77). — A iwpular presentation of the above. 



Spraying- apples, A. Dickens and T. J. Headlee (Kansas Sta. Circ. 15, pp. 

 8). — This circular points out the value of proper spraying and the methods of 

 conducting it. A more complete account is contained in Bulletin 174, previously 

 noted (E. S. R., 25, p. 137). 



Practical studies of the evaporation of fruits, E. Rabat^ {Prog. Agr. et 

 Vit. {Ed. VEst-C'cntre), 32 {1911), Nos. 17, pp. 519-527; 19, pp. 585-596; 23, pp. 

 720-726, figs. 23). — A number of fruit evaporators of different types and using 

 different kinds of fuel were tested at A'illeneuve-sur-Lot, France, in 1910. The 

 present study discusses the construction of the evaporators, describes the princi- 

 pal types, and gives data on the results secured with each kind. 



The economic climatology of the coffee district of Sao Paulo, Brazil, R. 

 De C. Ward {Btil. Amer. Geogr. Soc, Jf3 {1911), No. 6, pp. 428-U5, map 1).— 

 This paper deals with certain climatic aspects of coffee cultivation and of its 

 preparation for market which presented themselves during a summer trip to 

 Bi-azil undertaken in connection with a study of the economic climatology of 

 the Brazilian coffee district. 



Carnations, picotees, and pinks. T. W. Sanders {London [1910], pp. 196, 

 pis. 17, figs. JfJf). — A practical guide to the cultivation and propagation of border, 

 perpetual, and other carnations, picotees, garden and alpine pinks, Sweet Wil- 

 liams, etc., including lists of varieties and a description of the various pests 

 and diseases thereof. 



Garden art, M. Fouquier {De I'Art des Jardins. Pat-is, 1911, pp. X-\~25.'i, 

 pis. 47, figs. 331). — This consists of a pictorial and historical account of the 

 evolution of garden art in France, in which the author has aimed to present 

 by way of a monument to the national garden art as complete a series as pos- 

 sible of old sketches and of more recent views taken during the period from the 

 fifteenth to the twentieth centuries. Although the various periods are touched 

 upon in the historical text, special emphasis is placed upon that period at the 

 end of the Renaissance, when the French style became separated from the 

 Italian conception. In addition to the general historical account the garden 

 decorations of the various periods are discussed, together with the renovation 

 of French gardens during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. 



Some notable gardens of other European countries are also pictured and 

 discussed. 



