460 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



leaTes. The eggs, in clustecs and from 1 to a dozen, were always placed on the 

 underside of the leaves, in which the maggots burrowed between the upper 

 and under surfaces. Carbolic acid emulsion made up of 10 qt. of acid, 10 lbs. of 

 soap, and 10 gal. of water, much stronger than anything recommended, was used 

 on May 18 at the rate of 1 gal. to 10 gal. of water after the soil had been 

 removed from about the onions. The application killed the maggots wherever 

 it came in contact with them and apparently did not injure the plants. Appli- 

 cations were made on May 8 and again on May 17 to rows of young onions on 

 another place, but no difference was noted between the treated and check rows 

 when examined June 12. " It appears that the carbolic acid emulsion is an 

 effective killing agent when used at the proper strength. But it must be begun 

 early and used frequently enough to reach the maggots." 



A carbolic acid fertilizer was applied in late April, just before the onion seed 

 was sown, at the rate of 400 lbs. to the acre, and along other rows on May 8 

 and May 17, after the onions had sprouted, and again twice at weekly intervals. 

 An examination made in early June showed that the material had not had any 

 beneficial effect. An examination made in May of onions grown on soil treated 

 with Apterite, applied broadcast on April 6 at the rate of 300 lbs. to the acre, 

 Showed no difference between treated and untreated areas, both being equally 

 infested. 



Examinations made June 7 of plats on which gas tar, 1 part to 25 parts of 

 sand had been used, showed cauliflower and cabbage to be in fine condition, 

 while on another farm where no application had been made considerable infesta- 

 tion was found. 



It was found " that both hrassicce and fiisciceps may pass the winter in the 

 pupal stage and emerge during early May for a period of several days — perhaps 

 half a month, or even longer ; that both pupfc covered deeply, and those at the 

 surface produced flies as well as those at a normal depth." The rearings from 

 9 lots of maggots collected from cabbages, radishes, cauliflowers, and wild 

 radishes are reported upon. 



The other insects briefly considered are : San Jose scale, codling moth, Vespa 

 crahro (which attacked ripe apples), pear psylla, plum curculio, peach borer, 

 rose chafer, cranberry flea beetle {Systena hudsonica), elm-leaf beetle, gipsy 

 and brown-tail moths, bronze birch borer (Agnlus atucius), and hickory -bark 

 beetle. 



Report of the superintendent of entomology for 1909-10, E. M. Ehrhobn 

 ([Bien.] Rpt. Bd. Comrs. Agr. and Forestry Hawaii, 1900-10, pp. 103-151, pis, 

 7). — In the reports here submitted the details of inspection work are presented, 

 together with lists of the insects intercepted, etc. 



Blastophaga grossorum, which was introduced into Moanalua in May, 1909, 

 appears to have become established. The work with parasites of the horn fly 

 received from abroad during 1909 is reported by O. H. Swezey, and for 1910 by 

 R. C. L. Perkins; the cryptid Bathymetis sp. was the only parasite that was 

 bred successfully after arriving on the island. A brief account is given of fruit 

 flies and a draft of the new rules and regulations for the prevention of the dis- 

 tribution of the Mediterranean fruit fly {Ceratitis capitata), which as pre- 

 viously noted (E. S. R., 24, p. 255) has been introduced into the island of Oahu. 

 An additional rule and regulation conceniing the importation of all banana 

 fruit, banana shoots, and plants with a view to preventing the introduction 

 of Fusarium cuhense, which causes the banana blight, is included. 



Correspondence with H. W. Henshaw, of the Biological Survey of this Depart- 

 ment, in regard to the desirability of introducing foreign birds into the Hawaiian 

 Islands for the purpose of destroying noxious insects is appended. 



