474 EXPERIMENT STATION EECOJID. 



The structure of the reproductive organs in the free-martin, with a theory 

 of the significance of the abnormality, D. B. Hart {Proc. Roy. 8oc. Eclinb., 

 30 (1900-10), No. 3, PI). 230-2Jil, pis. 2; Jour. Compar. Path, and Ther., 23 

 (1910), No. 3, pp. 193-205, figs. 5; also separate). — The sex organs of her- 

 maphrodites and sterile cattle are illustrated and described. There is also a 

 further discussion of the significance of the free-martin (E. S. R., 22, p. 472). 



" The free-martin is, according to Mendelian phraseology, a pure or extracted 

 recessive qufi its genital determinants, and tlie potent twin a pure or extracted 

 dominant, both of F" in the Mendelian scheme. Occasionally, but very rarely, 

 as in three of Numan's cases, the recessive element is less complete." 



A bibliography is appended. 



The influence of castration on organisms. — IV, The confoi'mation of cas- 

 trated heifers, J. Tandleb and K. Keller (Arch. Entwickl. Mech. Organ., 31 

 (1910), No. 2, pp. 289-306, pi. 1, fig. 1). — Measurements of desexed heifers show 

 that in conformation they approach the type of a castrated male rather than 

 that of a normal male. In this respect the results agree with those of the 

 authors' previous studies of human beings. It is stated that desexing both 

 males and females causes them to resemble an intermediate or asexual type 

 rather than to assume the chai'acteristics of the opposite sex. 



Keport of the animal industrialist, J. M. Scott (Florida 8ta. Rpt. 1910, pp. 

 XIV-XVIII).— As in earlier work (E. S. R., 23, p. 78) velvet beans in the pod 

 were found to be a cheaper protein dairy feed than cottonseed meal. When 

 the basal ration was wheat bran and Japanese cane silage the cost of milli 

 with the former ration was 13.3 cts. per gallon, and with the latter ration 16.5 

 cts. per gallon. It is estimated that when cotton-seed meal is worth .$1.60 per 

 hundred, velvet beans in the pod are worth $1.58 per hundred for dairy cows. 

 Velvet beans in the pod also require 30 per cent less roughage than when 

 cottonseed meal is fed. 



In a pig-feeding test 5 pigs on a ration of corn, Japanese cane, and velvet 

 beans in the pod made an average daily gain in 51 days of 0.71 lb. per head at 

 a cost of 8.6 cts. per pound. 



In a steer-feeding experiment Shorthorns made an average daily gain in 

 weight for the first year of 1.07 lbs., Herefords 0.97 lb., and the natives 1.095 

 lbs. per head. 



Wintering young store cattle, J. L. Duncan (Dcpt. Agr. and Tech. Instr. 

 Ireland Jour., 11 (1910), No. 1, pp. 142-I46). — Calves born in the autumn made 

 faster gains during the winter when housed at night in a well-ventilated shed 

 than did calves which received no shelter, but by midsummer there was little 

 difference in the 2 lots. Wet weather had a more injurious effect on the 

 unprotected cattle than did a protracted cold spell. 



The practicability of supplying native beef to the army, G. E. Nesom 

 (Philippine Agr. Rev. [English Ed.], .'/ (1911). No. 3. pp. 119-121).— This con- 

 tains statistics on the live stock in the different provinces of the Philippnes, 

 which total nearly 250,000 head of cattle and nearly 750,000 head of water 

 buffaloes. There are also data on the number of cattle slaughtered and on the 

 amount of meat used by the army in the Philippines. It is pointed out that the 

 Philippines are extensive importers of both live stock and meat products, but 

 that the i-slands can become a great grazing country in the future, if the con- 

 tagious diseases now menacing the industry can be controlled. 



The native cattle of Finland (Deut. Landw. Prcsse, 38 (1911), No. 31, pp. 

 310, 371, figs. 5). — This is a review of a monograph by H. Nylander, which 

 contains a history of cattle breeding in Finland and a description of the native 

 breeds of cattle. 



