480 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



dcs iimttcrlichcn iind dcs kindlichen /v'or/xr.s. limiig. Diss., Univ. Bern, 1909, 

 pp. 45). — Analytical constants are reported of (1) the body fat of the fetus 

 and young of man and domesticated animals, (2) the fat in milk and colostrum, 

 and (3) milk fat as affected by age, breed, and feed. The proi^rties of colos- 

 trum fat were found to lie between those of milk fat and body fat. 



A bibliography is appended. 



On the nature of the cellular elements present in milk. — III, The milk of 

 animals other than the cows, R. T. Hewlett, S. Villab and C. Revis (Jour. 

 Hyg. [Cambridge], 11 {1911), No. 1, pp. 97-lOJt; Jour. Brit. Dairy Fanners' 

 Assoc., 25 (1911), pp. 69-75). — In continuation of earlier work (E. S. R., 23, p. 

 580), cellular counts were made of the milk of the ass and goat, and of human 

 milk. 



The general conclusion from this and the previous work is that a uniform 

 type of life evidently tends to a fairly uniform excretion of tissue cells from 

 the udder. Outside causes may temporarily increase this excretion, and high 

 counts are not necessarily connected with any diseased or disordered condition 

 of the mammary gland. When the cell count is high for any reason, the cells 

 themselves are always well defined, showing little signs of degeneration, and 

 also stain in a much more characteristic and definite manner, a fact which is 

 difficult to explain if they are to be considered as blood elements. 



Contributions to the question as to whether ingested copper is secreted in 

 the milk, C. Titze and W. Wedemann (Arh. K. Gsndhtsamt., 3S (1911), No. 1. 

 pp. 125-136.). — Solutions of copi>er sulphate and leaves on which copper mix- 

 tures had been sprayed were given to 2 milch goats. The milk was found to be 

 free from copper except in two instances, where a slight trace was found. Cop- 

 per and copper sulphate was constantly found present in the urine and excreta. 

 Slaughter tests showed considerable copper in the liver and small amounts were 

 present in the kidneys, blood, and heart, with traces in other organs. No trace 

 of copper was found in the udder, muscles, or fatty tissues. 



Scarlet fever in relation to cow's milk, W. Hunting (Vet. Jour., 67 (1911), 

 No. J/Sl, pp. 259-268). — From a critical analysis of the evidence where milk- 

 borne outbreaks of scarlet fever have been reported, the author concludes that 

 none of the reported cases have as yet been proved to be of bovine origin, al- 

 though it is probable that the disease may be carried by milk when contami- 

 nated through a human source. 



Publicity and payment based on quality as factors in improving a city 

 milk supply, H. A. Hakding (Nevj York State Sta. Bui. 337, pp. 79-114, eluirt 

 1). — This records the result of a study of the influence upon the milk supply of 

 Geneva, N. Y., of publicity regarding the sanitary conditions under which the 

 milk was produced and of payment to the producer on the basis of the quality 

 of the profluct. 



The method employed was to score each dairy quarterly upon the basis of 

 the sanitary conditions under which the milk was being produced, to furnish 

 this score to the producer and retailer so that it could be made the basis of 

 payment under their contracts, and to publish the score of all of the producers, 

 with the names of their retailers, so that the consuming public could purchase 

 intelligently. In comparing dairies conditions were reduced to a numerical 

 basis by means of a score card, an outline of which is given. The dairies were 

 classified under the following heads : Poor, where filthy conditions were 

 present ; medium, where conditions were merely dirty ; good, where the con- 

 ditions were fairly clean ; and excellent, where they were both clean and 

 sanitary. 



" There is every reason for thinking that the sanitary conditions of this city 

 supply at the beginning of this study were as good as the average of the cities 



