RUEAL ENGINEERING. 487 



Experimental contribution in regard to the identity of fowl cholera and 

 fowl pox, H. SiGWART (Centbl Bald, [etc.], 1. Abt., Grig., 56 (1910), No. 5-6, 

 pp. .'(28-46. i; abs. in Berlin. Tierarztl. Wchnschr., 21 (1911), No. 12, p. 208).— 

 The cases examined came from various parts of South Germany. Experimental 

 tests were made with sound birds from ^ to 1 year old, and with pathologic 

 material (pocks, pock scabs, diphtheric membranes, nasal and tracheal secre- 

 tions, and blood which was obtained under sterile conditions) rubbed up in 

 physiological salt solution. 



The results show that fowl pox can occur as a pure skin disease, or it can 

 simply attack the mucus membranes of the head. The disease may also be 

 present in both regions at the same time. The chronic cases without mucus 

 membrane involvement were found to be in most instances mild forms of the 

 disease. 



Inoculation tests showed that when the infection is made on the comb the 

 disease assumes the chronic membranous form of the head, but as infection 

 does not always take place the author points out that this fact must not be 

 considered a proof of the occurrence of idiopathic cases. Infection is not always 

 possible with the liver and blood from chronic cases of the disease, and where 

 infection did occur the disease usually ran a mild course. 



After infecting intravenously with the pox virus in most instances no dermal 

 changes took place. The only parts affected were the mucus membranes of the 

 head, and this was irrespective of whether the infecting virus came fi'om the 

 skin form of the disease or from the membranous form. More positive results 

 were obtained with the filtered pox or membrane virus, but in most instances 

 the disease ran a mild course. 



From the immunity tests it could be noted that a pure case of the disease can 

 confer absolute immunity against infection cutaneously, per comb, face, and 

 wattles. The duration and degree of immunity are relative to the degree of the 

 disease. Mild forms of the disease do not always confer immunity. 



In reg'ard to protective vaccination against fowl cholera, K. Kovarzik 

 (Allatorvosi Lapok, 33 (1910), No: 32, pp. 375-380; abs. in Berlin, Tierarztl. 

 Wchnschr., 21 (1911), No. 11, p. i.O/,).— During the year 1909 from 50 to 90 per 

 cent of the fowls of the district under observation were affected with fowl 

 cholera. In some of the pens from 8 to 13 per cent of the birds were immune. 



The author made tests with Galloserin, and found that the vaccinated ani- 

 mals became immune in from 2 to 5 months. No favorable results were ob- 

 tained with animals already diseased. The procedure is considered too expen- 

 sive for ordinary practice. 



In regard to a new fowl disease in Europe. — Apoplectic septicemia in 

 fowls, H. Magnusson (Centbl. Bakt. [etc.], 1. Abt., Orig., .56 (1910), No, 5-6, 

 pp. J)11-j!i28, figs. 5; abs. in Berlin. Tierarztl. Wchnschr., 21 (1911), No. 12, p. 

 209). — A study in regard to a disease which has been rarely observed and which 

 is caused by a streptococcus. This organism could not be differentiated from 

 the usual pathogenic streptococcus, and according to the author the disease is 

 due to a casual increase in the virulency of this streptococcus, which usually 

 inhabits the intestinal tract of fowls, but where it is mostly latent. 



RURAL ENGINEERING. 



Elements of agricultural technology, C A. Vogler et al. (GruncUehren der 

 Kulturtechnik. Berlin, 1909, 1^. ed., vol. 1, pts. 1, pp. XIX-\-539, pis. 3, figs. 205; 

 2, pp. X+80Jt, pis. 6, figs. 107). — This handbook is designed particularly for the 

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