544 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



California, including suggestions for its management and improvement. Con- 

 sideration is given to the distinguishing characteristics of the true chaparral 

 as compared with the dwarf trees and brush growth found in other arid sec- 

 tions of the United States, historical records of past forest conditions in the 

 chaparral region, geographic conditions in the chaparral area, chaparral and 

 the water supply, vertical range of chaparral, composition by species, amount 

 of shade produced, value of the different species, representation of desirable 

 and imdesirable species on the Tujunga and San Gabriel watersheds, com- 

 mercial uses, protection against fire, restocking after fires, and the introduc- 

 tion of larger tree species in the chaparral. 



At the present time the chaparral is chiefly of value as a protection for 

 watersheds. It also furnishes materials for fencing and for browsing of cattle, 

 sheep, and goats when pasturage is scarce and for bee pasturage. A study 

 of the existing conditions leads to the conclusion that larger tree species can 

 be made to take possession of the chaparral regions by artificial extension 

 alone. Exjieriniental planting operations thus far made by the Forest Service 

 and others have only been partially successful and indicate that the task will 

 require patience and a thorough knowledge of the best planting methods. 



Tlie management of second-growth sprout forests, H. S. Gkaves (U. 8. 

 Dept. Agr. Yearbook 1910, pp. 157-168, pis. 2).— This article deals particularly 

 with the management of young stands of hardwood in the Northeast which 

 have come up after the removal of the virgin forests or of a subsequent forest. 

 Certain broad principles of handling second-growth hardwoods are considered 

 under the following general headings: Simple coppice or sprout system, hold- 

 ing over reserve trees, sprouts and standards, handling older sprout stands, and 

 improvement cuttings. 



Treatment of artificial tree plantations, E. Secrest {Ohio Sta. Circ. 110, pp. 

 21, figs. 16). — The cultural treatment of tree plantations is briefly discussed, 

 special attention being given to the pruning requirements of different species. 

 A number of illustrations accompany the text. 



Fire prevention and control on the National Forests, F. A. Silcox (U. 8. 

 Dept. Agr. Yearbook 1910, pp. Jtl3-J,2k, pis. G).— In this article general con- 

 sideration is given to the importance of fire protection, the character of the 

 region to be protected, economic losses, and the causes of fires. Various 

 methods of fire prevention and control as employed in the National Forests are 

 then described. 



Progress in saving forest waste, W. L. Hall {TJ. 8. Dept. Agr. Yearbook 



1910, pp. 255-26.'t, pis. 3). — In this article the author points out how forest 

 waste occurs, shows a number of ways in which the waste is being saved, and 

 suggests further methods of cutting down the loss. 



National problems affecting the lumber industry {Rpt. Nat. Lumber Manfr. 

 Assoc, 9 (1911), pp. 278).— This Is an official report of the ninth annual conven- 

 tion of the National Lumber Manufacturers Association, Chicago, 1911, includ- 

 ing papers and discussions on a number of problems affecting the lumber in- 

 dustry. 



Rubber and gutta-percha, E. Tassilly (Caoutchouc et Gutta-percha. Paris, 



1911, pp. XV1II+395+XII. figs. 56). — A handbook of information dealing 

 with the history of the rubber industry, preparation and treatment of crude 

 rubber, vulcanization, etc. The concluding chapters contain a chemical study 

 of rubber and gutta-percha, together with analyses of the crude and manu- 

 factured products as determined by various methods. 



The germination of Hevea seeds (Agr. Neics [Barbados], 10 (1911), No. 233, 

 p. Ill; Agr. Bui. 8traits and Fed. Malay 8tates, 10 (1911), No. 6, pp. 192- 

 19^). — The results are given of experiments conducted by G. G. Auchinleck in 



