DISEASES OF PLANTS. 549 



potash (300 lbs. per acre), acid phosphate (300 lbs. per acre), lime (1 ton 

 per acre), and stable manure (15 tons per acre). 



From 3 to 4 applications of the 4 : 5 : 50 Bordeaux mixture proved uniformly 

 successful in controlling both the tomato blight (Septoria lycopersici) and rot 

 (Phytoplithora sp.). The 1:33 and 1:50 lime-sulphur sprays acted variably, 

 giving good results in 1909, but they were not nearly so efficient in 1910 in 

 controlling these 2 diseases as the Bordeaux mixture. The various sprays 

 were applied July 11 to 12, August 1 to 2, August 15 to IS, and September 2. 

 The treatments with sulphur, manure, or fertilizers had no effect in controlling 

 these diseases. 



Parasitism of Coniothyrium fuckelii, P. J. O'Gaea {Phytopathology, 1 

 (1911), No. 3, pp. 100-102, pis. //). — The author reports the results of success- 

 ful inoculation and cross-inoculation experiments with this organism on both 

 apples and roses. 



The disease was first observed in 1903 on apple twigs and young apple trees 

 from South Carolina. These specimens showed cankers of various sizes, the 

 surface of which bore numerous minute pycnidia. Young apple trees were 

 Infected just above the crown, and in the earlier stages of the disease the barli 

 tissues still adhered to the wood, but in the older infections the dead bark 

 broke away. About the same time specimens of diseased rose stems affected 

 with canker were found at Washington, D. C, which on examination proved 

 to be very similar to the apple canker. Subse<iuent growth in pure cultures 

 and cross inoculations from both hosts to apple and rose proved the identity of 

 the 2 organisms. 



This organism also causes a fruit rot of the apple, in which circular, brown- 

 ish, and somewhat sunken areas are produced. The diseased area is smooth 

 at first, and later becomes somewhat wrinkled, while the mycelium in the earlier 

 stages is densely white, and later becomes brown. The apples are often com- 

 pletely rotted when attacked by the disease. In South Carolina most of the 

 infection occurred where the bark had been injured by tools and cultivating. 

 Nursery stock adjoining a clump of wild roses badly attacked by the disease 

 was seriously infected. 



A dangerous apple disease, F. L. Stevens and G. W. Wilson (Abs. in 

 Science, n. ser., 33 {1911), No. 859, p. 9'i2). — In a paper read before the tenth 

 annual meeting, at Raleigh, of the North Carolina Academy of Science, atten- 

 tion is called to a serious apple disease which appeared in 1908. 



The disease is characterized by whitish or pinkish pustules on the younger 

 twigs and about the crotches of the tree, from which numerous spores of the 

 Fusarium or Tubercularia type develop. The infection is in the bark, the 

 diseased areas shrinking and separating. The epidermis splits away, exposing 

 the brown surface beneath, or the pustules merely break through the epidermis, 

 especially near the lenticels. Upon older twigs the bark cracks longitudinally, 

 exposing rows of pustules in the cracks. A pinkish mycelial growth sometimes 

 appears on the diseased twigs. No ascigerous stage has been found. 



Spraying for apple scab, S. B. McCready {Ann. Rpt. Ontario Agr. Col. and 

 Expt. Farm, 36 {1910), p. -J2). — A report is made on an experiment to test the 

 efficiency of lime sulphur in controlling apple scab and black rot. 



The orchard on which the test was made had never been sprayed and was 

 bady infested with these diseases. Three sprayings were given, viz, the first 

 with home-boiled lime sulphur just before the leaves opened, the second with a 

 1 : 30 ctoimercial lime-sulphur solution applied as the blossom buds were open- 

 ing, and the third with a 1 : 30 commercial lime sulphur when the blossoms 

 were falling. Arsenate of lead was used as the insecticide. 



