ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 555 



Common Michigan birds, W. B. Babrows (East Lansing, Mich., 1911, pp. 35, 

 figs. 8). — A brief popular account. 



Flowers and insects, their adaptation to one another and their mutual 

 dependence, O. von Kirchnek (Blitmen und Insekten Hire Aivpassungen An- 

 einandcr und Ihre gegenseitige Ahhiingigkeit. Leipsic and Berlin, 1911, pp. IV-h 

 J,36, pis. 2, figs. 159; rev. in Science, n. ser., 34 {1911), No. 863, pp. 57, 58).— 

 This work consists of 16 chapters and an index. 



Following the introduction, 2 chapters are given up to a discussion of pollina- 

 tion, the various ways in which it is brought about, and the peculiarities of in- 

 sect pollination, or entomogamy. A chapter on the insects that visit flowers and 

 their structural adaptations is followed by one on the general adaptation of 

 flowers to insects. Chapters G to 13 are devoted to a discussion of the struc- 

 ture of flowers and the various types of entomogamy while the 3 concluding 

 chapters deal with floral statistics, the causes of mutualistic adaptations of 

 flowers and insects, and the various hypotheses which have been advanced to 

 account for the phylogenetic origin and development of floral structures. 



The review is by W. M. ^Yheeler. 



Insect notes for 1910, O. A. Johannsen {Maine Sfa. Bui. 1S7, pp. 24, 

 pis. 8). — This is a report of observations on the occuri-ence of and injury 

 caused by insects in Maine during 1910. 



Among the more important insects thus noted are the fall webworm, the 

 saddled prominent {Heterocampa guttivitta), the birch leaf Bucculatrix {Buc- 

 culatrix canadensisella) as a leaf miner, parthenogenesis and predogenesis in 

 Tanytarsus dissimilis, the carrot rust fly {Psila rosw) on parsnips, the fringed 

 anthomyiia {Phorbia fusciceps), Phormia regina, Amphiconia vulpitia, the 

 alder borer {Saperda obliqua) infesting birch, the black vine weevil {Otiorhyn- 

 chus sulcatus), Aulax glecliomw, Torymus flavicoxa, Eurytoma gigantea, the 

 chinch bug, European elm scale, and several other scale insects. 



Notes presented by Edith M. Patch on the Psyllidfe and Aphidid?e include 

 descriptions of 4 new species of the former, viz., Psylla galeaformis taken from 

 the leaves of the alder {Alnus incana), P. striata from the tips of birch shoots, 

 Aphalara veaziei swept from golden rod, sweet fern, grass, etc., and Trioza 

 obtusa bred from nymphs developing on Amelanchier canadensis. Notes are 

 also presented on Mindarus abietinus, the occurrence of Chermes cooleyi in 

 New England, etc. 



Cutworms, army worms, and grasshoppers, F. L. Washburn {Minnesota 

 Hta. Bui. 123, pp. 67-84, P^- U flffs- !■-, map 1). — Brief illustrated accounts are 

 given of cutworms, army worms, and grasshoppers, and of preventive and 

 remedial measures therefor. 



Insect enemies of tobacco in the United States, A. C. Morgan {TJ. S. Dept. 

 Agr. Yearbook 1910, pp. 281-296, pi. 1, figs. 13). — The article here presented, 

 summarizing the data on insect enemies of tobacco and remedies, is in a 

 measure supplementary to that by Dr. L. O. Howard on tobacco insects, pre- 

 viously noted (E. S. R., 11, p. 471). 



Under the heading of insects of primary importance, the author considers 

 the tobacco flea beetle, Epitrix parvula; cutworms; the tobacco hornworms, a 

 more extensive account of which has been previously noted (E. S. R., 23, p. 465) ; 

 the budworms, Chloridea virescens and Heliothis obsoleta; the tobacco split- 

 worm, Plitliorimcea operculella ; the tobacco thrips, Euthrips fuscus {nicotiance) ; 

 the tobacco crambus, Crambus caliginosellus (?); and the cigarette beetle, 

 Lasioderma serricome. 



The insects of secondary importance are discussed under the headings of in- 

 sects attacking the seed bed, young transplanted plants, the foliage, the stem, the 

 root and stem, cured and manufactured tobaccos, and tobacco seed, respectively. 

 9204°— No. 6—11 5 



