ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 675 



cattle feeds, including corn, wheat, oat, barley, and flax products, linseed cake, 

 linseed meal, mixed feeds, pea meal, rice meal, molasses feeds, proprietary feeds, 

 and silage. The requirements of the Commercial Feeding Stuffs Act, which 

 came into force January 1, 1910, are noted. 



Study of the conservation of olive residue, R. Marcille (Bui. Dir. Agr. Corn, 

 et Colon, [Tunisi, l.'i {1910), No. 57, pp. -'/?6-.'/S2). — Experiments are reported' 

 with formalin, sulphurous acid, and other antiseptics to pi-event fermentation 

 and the growth of molds on the residue of the olive press when used for stock 

 feed. 



Feeding' experiments, W. Schneidewind, D. Meyer, and Grobler {Landw. 

 Jahrb., 39 {J910), Ergdnzungah. 3, pp. 161-195, 206, 207).— In rations for swine 

 containing steamed potatoes, barley, and fish meal the best gains were made 

 with a high protein content in the early part and with a low protein content in 

 the latter part of the feeding period. The average gain per head and day with 

 a high protein content was 0.03 kg., at a cost of 0.5117 marks (about 8.8 cts. 

 per pound) ; on a medium protein content. 0.64 kg., at a cost of 0.493 marks; 

 and on a low protein content, 0.0 kg., at a cost of 0.509 marks. When soy beans 

 were substituted for the fish meal the corresponding gain with a high protein 

 content was 0.58 kg., at a cost of 0.5179 marks. The percentages of dressed 

 weight for the 4 lots were 80.4, 81.2, and 79.4, respectively. 



Beet chips were found to be much inferior to dried potatoes, and are not 

 recommended in rations for swine. Other experiments with dried potatoes have 

 been noted from another source (E. S. R., 21. p. 472). 



Fattening cattle were found to do equally well whether tied in a common stall 

 or when at liberty in a box stall. 



Pine needles when made a part of the ration for wethers compared very 

 unfavorably with bran or meadow hay. 



The analyses of feeds used are given. 



Fattening- steers of different ages, J. W. Wilson (South Dakota Sta. Bui. 

 125, pp. 60-72, ftg!<. 6). — This experiment was inidertaken to ascertain the gains 

 made by steers of the same quality, under the same conditions, and with the 

 same kind of grain rations, but of different ages, and also to test the effect of 

 age of steers on the production of pork with pigs following. 



The cattle consisted of 2 lots each, 6 to the lot, of yearlings, 2-year-old, and 

 3-year-old steers. One lot of each age was home-bred and the other range- 

 bred cattle. The feed, which was the same for each lot, consisted of upland 

 prairie hay, shelled corn, and linseed meal. One-tenth as much linseed meal 

 was given each lot as it would eat of shelled corn, and all the hay that was 

 wanted. Enough pigs were put in each yard to pick up the waste. The tests 

 lasted 127 days. 



In the home-bred lots the 3-year-olds made an average daily gain of 2.52 

 lbs. and consumed 7.42 lbs. of corn, 5.81 lbs. of hay. and 0.73 lb. of linseed meal 

 per pound of gain ; the 2-year-olds averaged 2.39 lbs. gain daily and consumed 

 6.53 lbs. of corn, 5.8 lbs. of hay, and 0.64 lb. of linseed meal for each pound of 

 gain ; the yearlings made a daily gain of 2.48 lbs., and for each pound of gain 

 they consumed 5.63 lbs. of corn, 4.32 lbs. of hay, and 0..55 lb. of linseed meal. 

 In the range-bred lots the 3-year-olds made an average daily gain of 2.72 lbs. 

 and required 8 lbs. of corn, 4.34 lbs. of hay, and 0.79 lb. of linseed meal per 

 pound of gain ; the 2-year-olds averaged 2.55 lbs. gain daily and consumed 

 7.8 lbs. of corn, 3.57 lbs. of hay, and 0.78 lb. of linseed meal for each pound of 

 gain ; the yearlings made a daily gain of 2.52 lbs. and for each pound of gain 

 required 6.6 lbs. of corn, 2.7 lbs. of hay, and 0.66 lb. of linseed meal. De- 

 ducting the gain made by one 2-year-old steer, which was considerably below 

 the average, the 3-year-olds made an average gain for the whole period of 333 



