DAIRY FARMING — DAIRYING. 579 



per hen over and above the cost of food, which was charged at market price, 

 was 76.5 cts. 



In a pen of fowls which received their animal food in the form of butter- 

 milk, 55 per cent of the eggs hatched; where 10 per cent of the dry mash was 

 beef scrap, 50.5 per cent hatched ; where the hens had all the beef scrap they 

 wanted in a hopper, 33 per cent hatched : where no animal food was given, 

 59.5 per cent hatched ; where hens received about three-fourths lb. green cut bone 

 daily, 40.5 per cent hatched. In a pen of 23 Barred Rock pullets, the best and 

 strongest of a lot of 46, mated to 2 males, full brothers, bred fi*om a hen the 

 eggs of which had hatched well, 93.6 per cent of the eggs were fertile and 

 73.4 per cent hatched. In the pen consisting of the remaining 23 pullets of 

 the above lot, mated to 2 cockerels bred from a hen the eggs of which had 

 hatched rather poorly and the chicks had had a mortality of 40 per cent, 97 

 per cent of the eggs were fertile but only .39.7 per cent hatched. 



Farm poultry, with the results of some experiments in poultry houses and 

 fattening- chickens, W. 11. Gk.vham {Ontario Drpt. Affi: Bui. 189, 1911, pp. 6.'/, 

 figs. //6'). — This bulletin is intended to give information to farmers and others 

 on general matters pertaining to the keeping of poultry. The subjects treated 

 are the construction of poultry houses, egg production, feeds and feeding, incu- 

 bation, rearing chickens, breeding fowls for market, for meat production, and 

 for egg production, fattening chickens, dressing and shipping poultry, eggs for 

 market, and breeds of poultry. The experimental data reported have been noted 

 from other sources. 



The effect of the present method of handling eggs on the industry and 

 the product, M. E. Pennington and 11. C. Pierce (U. 8. Dcpt. Agr. Yearbook 

 1910, pp. 461-476, pi. 1). — This contains statistics on the production, storage, 

 and consumption of eggs, with suggestions for improving methods of grading, 

 packing, and shipping. It is pointed out that there is a great loss due to delays 

 in marketing and bad methods of handling. 



Data gathered from 20 shippers, from June to November, inclusive, showed 

 that 4.36 per cent of the eggs received during that time were a total loss. There 

 was a further partial loss for stale eggs, dirty eggs, and from other sources. 

 Inquiry among country storekeepers in October showed that only about 25 per 

 cent of the eggs of that month would rank as " firsts " on the Chicago market, 

 60 per cent as " seconds," due to long holding, 5 per cent cracked, and 4 per cent 

 were rotten or stuck to the shells from long holding. 



The sham Indian Runner duck (Farm Poultry, 22 {1911), No. 7, p. 203).— 

 A note in support of the contention that the Indian Runner duck did not origi- 

 nate in India, but is a common breed in Holland, Belgium, and northern France, 

 and native to that region. 



The value of the shellfish industry and the protection of oysters from 

 sewage contamination, G. W. Stiles, Jr. {U. 8. Dcpt. Agr. Yearbook 1910, pp. 

 371-378, pis. 2). — This contains statistics of the industry of growing and can- 

 ning oysters. Other topics treated are methods of growing oysters, enemies of 

 the oyster, and the pollution of oyster beds by means of sewage. See also a 

 previous note (E. S. R., 25, p. 161). 



DAIRY FARMING— DAIRYING. 



[Report of] the professor of dairy husbandry, H. H. Dean {Ann. Rpt. 

 Ontario Agr. Col. and Expt. Farm, 36 {1910), pp. 106-131) .—Little variation 

 was foimd in the fat and lactometer determinations of samples of milk taken 

 from the top and bottom of weigh cans at intervals of from 2 minutes up to 

 10 or 12 minutes after dumping. 



