586 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



The author " does not advise the abandonment of the old Pastenr system of 

 vaccination against anthrax when it is practiced upon animals before they are 

 turned out on the pastures in the spring of the year. When animals are dying, 

 however, vaccination alone requires too long a period to protect, and it is in 

 these outbreaks that the antianthrax serum should be used in conjunction with 

 vaccine. The experiments have shown that a single vaccine may be used with 

 good results. Where it is desired, however, the serum may be used simul- 

 taneously with the double vaccine of Pasteur." 



Anthrax, with special reference to the production of immunity, C. F. 

 Dawson {U. 8. Dcpt. Agr., Bur. Armru. Indus. Bui. 131, pp. .'{!). — A reprint, 

 with some I'eari'angement, of the above. 



Comparative investigations of the value of the various biological methods 

 for diagnosing glanders, M. Mulleb, W. Gaehtgens, and K. Aoki (Ztschr. 

 Immunitdtuf. u. Expt. Ther., I, Orlg., 8 (1911), No. 5-6, pp. 626-66/f, pi. 1, 

 dgms. 7). — The methods tested were the ophthalmic, cutaneous (mallein reac- 

 tions), agglutination, pi-ecipitation, complement fixation, and the opsonic index 

 with normal animals and animals infected per os. 



According to the authors there is no single method which will with certainty 

 detect glanders in all stages of the disease, but the best and most certain 

 methods for nonclinical or occult cases are the malleinization of the skir. and 

 conjunctiva and the complement fixation test. The author prefers a combina- 

 tion of the 3 and their repeated use. 



The opsonic index is considered of no value for veterinary police purposes. 



Malta fever in domestic animals, C. Dubois (Rev. Vet. [Tow/oM.se], 36 

 {1911), Nos. 3, pp. 129-11,0; 4, pp. 199-212; 5, pp. 269-281) .—The first paper 

 deals with the history, bacteriology, epidemiology, symptoms, and lesions; the 

 second with the diagnosis, prognosis, etiology, arid pathogeny; and the third 

 with the treatment of this affection in domestic animals, its transmission to 

 man, and prophylaxis. 



Some observations on the transmission of Piroplasma bigeminum by ticks, 

 A. Theiler {Bui. 8oc. Path. Exot., 2 {1909). No. 7, pp. 38Jf, 385).— The larvaj of 

 Rhipicephalus decoloratus from females engorged on horses have been found to 

 be capable of infecting cattle with P. bigctninum. It thus appears that this 

 parasite can be hereditarily transmitted, not only from one generation of its 

 tick host to another, but alSo to a third as has been shown to be the case with 

 Spirochwta duttoni in Ornithodoros moubata. 



Recurrent fever in Colombia, E. Robledo {Bui. Soc. Path. Exot., 2 {1909), 

 No. 3, pp. 117-120). — The symptoms of the recurrent fever that occurs in 

 Colombia are said to be similar to those of African tick fever. The parasite 

 which resembles Spirochwta duttoni is transmitted by Ornithodoros chinche 

 {Argas americanus). This tick is said to be very abundant in the warm sec- 

 tions of Colombia, particularly in abandoned houses, on herbage, straw, etc., 

 and attacks the traveler with great avidity. 



Critical remarks on trypanosome problems, S. Peowazek {Arch. Schiffs u. 

 Tropen Hijg., 13 {1909), No. 10, pp. 301-308, figs. 6; abs. in Sleeping Sickness 

 Bur. [London] Bui. 7, 1909, p. 251). — The author defines the genera Herpetomo- 

 nas, Leptomonas, Crithidia, and Trypanosoma. The morphology and develop- 

 ment of trypanosomes are discussed. 



Note on a cattle trypanosomiasis of Portuguese East Africa, W. Jowett 

 {Jour. Compar. Path, and Ther., 23 {1910), No. 3, pp. 251-271, figs. 5). — In this 

 paper the author gives an account of the general morphological features, to- 

 gether with some animal reactions, of the trypanosome found in tke aeighbor- 

 hood of Beira during an expedition to Portuguese East Africa. 



