642 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



A number of hornbeam branches were taken from the woods and treated In 

 February. The treated buds from branches growing on the periphery of the 

 tree developed much quicker than the control buds, whereas the treated buds 

 on branches taken from the undergrowth were much slower in development 

 than the control buds. 



The general conclusion is reached that certain concentrations of alcohol and 

 of ether as well as pui-e water exert a beneficial influence in forcing plants. 

 For alcohol the concentration may range from 1 to 10 per cent and for ether 

 from 1 to 0.01 per cent. The use of these injections subsequent to the rest 

 period, however, may result in injury, if not in death, to the branches. 



A brief bibliography is appended. 



The wounding' method: A new process of forcing plants, F. Webee (Osterr. 

 Gart. Ztg., 6 (1911), No. 7, pp. 2Jil-2J,5, figs. 2). — The method described consists 

 in piercing the individual buds of the plants to be forced with an ordinai-y 

 medium-sized needle. The incision is made at the base of the bud and the 

 needle point is allowed to penetrate to the center of the bud. 



The development of linden buds which were pierced in this manner during the 

 after-rest period, or about the end of January, was from 2 to 3 weeks earlier 

 than that of the unpierced buds. Lilac and linden buds pierced in this manner 

 were also given an injection of water, the resulting development being quicker 

 and stronger than piercing with the needle alone. The water injection acted 

 less favorably with beech and maple. Thus far the experiments have not been 

 sufficient to determine the practicability of this method with the ordinary 

 forcing plants. 



Report of the government horticultural experimental fields in South 

 Holland for 1910, C. H. Claassen et al. (Verslag Rijkstuinbouwproefvelden 

 Zuid-HoUand, 1910, pp. VII +80). — Results are given of a large number of co- 

 operative cultural, variety, fertilizer, and spraying experiments with fruits and 

 vegetables, conducted at different localities in South Holland during 1910. 



Important orchard pests and spray formulas with general outlines for 

 spraying of apple and peach orchards, B. D. Van Buren and P. L. Huested 

 (A. y. Dcpt. Agr. Bnl. 2'i. 1911, pp. //77--'/9i). — Popular directions are given for 

 treating the principal fungus diseases and pests of the apple and peach. 



The control of insects and diseases affecting horticultural crops, H. R. 

 FtnLTON, W. J. Wright, and J. W. Gregg {Pennsylvania Sta. Bui. 110, pp. 3- 

 J/J^). — This bulletin contains concise descriptions of the principal insect enemies 

 and fungus diseases of fruits and vegetables, and suggests methods for con- 

 trolling them. Most of the remedies suggested have been verified by trials at 

 the station. 



Presence of arsenic in fruit sprayed with arsenate of lead, P. J. O'Gara 

 (Science, n. ser., 33 (1911), No. 858, i)p. 900, 901).— The author points out that 

 many brands of arsenate of lead used for spraying fruit do not show sufDicient 

 uniformity in arsenic content, nor is the arsenic found in the proper combina- 

 tion with lead. Upon examination of a number of apples held in storage which 

 had developed red and black spots, it was found that such fruits contained 

 arsenic, and that the badly spotted fruits showed about twice as much arsenic 

 as unspotted fruits from the same lot. A 10-gm. sample of badly spotted apple 

 skin showed 0.05 mg. of metallic arsenic. One large Spitzenburg apple showed 

 a total of 0.3 mg. of arsenic calculated as ASaOs. 



It was also noted that certain papers used for wrapping apples and pears 

 very frequently contain small amounts of arsenic, as well as other substances, 

 which may or may not have an injurious effect. In one case under observation 

 a shipment of pears of one variety from the same orchard was wrapped in 2 



