HOETICULTXJBB. 648 



different brands of paper. An examination of the whole shipment after it had 

 been in storage for some time showed that the condition of the fruit corre- 

 sponded exactly with the brand of paper used, the ripening process of one lot 

 being much in advance of the other. 



The principles of pruning, E. Lucas (Die Lehre vom Batunschnitt fur die 

 deutschen Garten bearbeitet. Stuttgart, 1909, 8. ed., rev. and enl., pp. XVI+SSi, 

 pis. 8, figs. 256). — A practical guide to the pruning and training of fruit trees, 

 vines, and bushes, with special reference to German conditions. Consideration 

 is also given to the pot culture of fruit trees and protection of fruit against 

 weather conditions, insects, etc.. and harvesting and storing fruit. 



Fruit tree planting, C. B. Waldron {North Dakota 8ta. Rpt. 1909, p. 95). — 

 All of the young fruit trees in the station plantation were killed by hail in 

 1908 and were replaced with standard varieties of apples and plums considered 

 suitable for the climate. The rapid spread of the Exoascus or so-called " plum 

 pocket " is cousidei'ed a very serious menace to plum growing and will necessi- 

 tate the selection of resistant strains. 



Progress in the breeding of hardy apples for the Canadian Northwest, W. 

 Saundebs {Canada Cent. Expt. Farm Bui. 68, 1911, pp. 14, pis. 3). — The author 

 has been engaged for the past 24 years in an attempt to breed a hardy race of 

 apples for the Canadian Northwest. This bulletin reviews the history of this 

 investigation and gives the results thus far secured. 



The first plantings were made in 1887 from seeds of Pyrus baccata, obtained 

 from the Royal Botanic Gardens, St. Petersburg, Russia. In 1894 P. baccata 

 was crossed with pollen from many of the hardiest and best sorts of apples 

 grown in Ontario. Other species were subsequently used in the breeding inves- 

 tigations. The crosses herein described include 17 crosses of P. baccata with 

 some of the best cultivated apples, together with 13 additional and less desirable 

 crosses with P. baccata, 10 crosses with P. prunifolia with some of the best 

 cultivated apples, and a cross of P. prunifolia intermedia with Mcintosh Red. 

 Within recent years crosses of P. baccata conocarpa and P. baccata sanguinea 

 with cultivated varieties have also been made. A list is given of second crosses 

 now in the orchards on the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, and 2 of the 

 most promising of these. Margery and Martin, are herein described as well as 

 the 3 following crosses which gave promise of unusual hardiness: Rideau. a 

 cross of Wealthy with Duchess : Fairfield, a cross of Hyslop Crab with Duchess ; 

 and Salmon, a cross of Duchess and Anis. 



Judging from the results thus far secured the author is of the opinion that 

 in a very few years a number of varieties of apples will be available, possessing 

 the requisite hardiness, size, and quality for culture in all those portions of the 

 northern country where ordinary apples can not be grown. 



Is it necessary to fertilize an apple orchard? U. P. Hedrick {New York 

 State Sta. Bui. 339, pp. 153-195, pis. J,, figs. 7).— This bulletin contains a de- 

 tailed account of a 15-year experiment to determine whether it is necessary to 

 fertilize apple orchards. 



The experiment was carried on in a station orchard composed of Rome Beauty 

 apples top worked on Ben Davis and set out in 1896. The soil is a clay loam, 

 too heavy for a good orchard soil and not better than the average clay soil in 

 the farm lands of western New York. The orchard has been given the care as 

 to tillage, pruning, spraying, etc.. that it would receive in a commercial plan- 

 tation. Beginning with 1900, 2 plats of 5 trees each have received an average 

 of 415.15 lbs. of stable manure per tree; 2 plats an average of 12.66 lbs. of 

 PiOs per tree; 2 plats an average of 7.26 lbs. muriate of potash and 12.6 lbs. 

 acid phosphate per tree : and 2 plats an average of 7.26 lbs. of muriate of potash. 



