FOEESTRY. 647 



by C. D. Mell (pp. 33, 34), contains a table indicating the location of tannin 

 in the elements of pith, wood, and bark of a number of trees, together with 

 brief directions for determining the distribution of tannin in plant tissues. 



An investigation of the tannin content shows that tanniu is present in the 

 twigs of tanbark oak as well as in the older bark and that tanning extract 

 could be made from the twigs and smaller branches, as in the case of the east- 

 ern chestnut {Castanea dent at a). There is but little tannin in the wood- 

 parenchyma elements of the heartwood, however, so that the tannin extract 

 can not be got by chipping the wood and subjecting it to tanning-extract 

 processes. Results of the timber test indicate that there is no good reason why 

 tanbark oak should not be used in the Pacific Coast region for many, if not 

 all, purposes for which eastern hardwoods are now imported. A commercial 

 trial of this native oak as a substitute for eastern lumber is recommended. 



" Colombian mahogany " (Cariniana pyriformis) ( U. S. Dept Agr., Forest 

 Serv. Circ. 185, pp. 16, figs. 11). — The purpose of this circular is to present to 

 users of cabinet woods the distinguishing characteristics of one of the best 

 imitation mahoganies now marketed. Its characteristics and its use as a sub- 

 stitute for true mahogany {Sivictenia mahagoni) are described by G. B. Sud- 

 worth and C. D. Mell, and a description of its botanical characters is given by 

 H. Pittier. 



The authors are of the opinion that although Cariniana differs widely in its 

 botanical and anatomical characters from true mahogany, its close superficial 

 resemblance to mahogany and its physical properties at once distinguish it as 

 a high-class cabinet wood, and there is no reason why it should not be employed 

 under its own name for all purposes for which true mahogany is used. 



Scrub pine (Pinus virginiana), W. D. Steeeett (C7. 8. Dept. Agr., Forest 

 Serv. Bui. 9Jf, pp. 27, pi. 1). — In this bulletin the scrub pine is discussed rela- 

 tive to its nomenclature, distinguishing characteristics, distribution and occur- 

 rence, form and development, reproduction, enemies, characteristics of the wood, 

 uses and market, advisability of forest management, purposes of management 

 and rotation, sustained annual yield, new crops by natural reproduction, im- 

 provement thinnings, protection, extension, and the prevention of extension. 



It is believed that this species, which is especially adapted to sterile soils and 

 worn-out farm land, offers an important problem of wood-lot management in 

 several eastern States, especially in Maryland and Virginia, where it has taken 

 possession of many thousands of acres of idle farm land. The prevailing growth 

 of the species is small, the wood being principally used for fuel, pulp wood, and 

 charcoal. The extension of scrub-pine stands is not advocated, except where 

 it is either impossible or impracticable to secure reproduction of more valuable 

 species. 



Relation of light chipping to the commercial yield of naval stores, C. H. 

 Herty (U. 8. Dept. Agr., Forest Serv. Bui. 90, pp. S6, pis. 3, figs. 13).— In con- 

 tinuation of previous experiments by the Forest Service for the development of 

 less destructive methods of turpentining (E. S. R., 17, p. 152), experiments were 

 conducted in Florida during a 4-year period on a tract of about 25,000 trees 

 of size suitable for turpentining to determine the yields as well as the effect on 

 the vigor of the trees resulting from chippings of varying width, depth, and 

 height. 



The tract of timber was divided into 4 equal crops, including about 8,000 chip- 

 ping faces each. Crop A was worked in a manner similar to that of surrounding 

 commercial operations; the average depth of the cut in chipping, measuring 

 from the inside of the bark, was 0.7 in. The only variation in crop B was a 

 reduction of the chipping depth to 0.4 in., and in crop C a reduction in the height 

 of the chipped surface by the end of the fourth year to 50 in. as compared 



