ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 661 



when both occur in an orange grove the citrus white fly almost invariably pre- 

 dominates and the cloudy-winged white fly assumes a position of comparative 

 insignificance." 



The authors estimate that there are about 5 per cent of the orange and tan- 

 gerine groves in Florida infested by the cloudy-winged white fly that are not 

 also infested by the citrus white fly, and that there are in addition 1 per cent 

 of orange and tangerine groves infested by both species, but in which the citrus 

 white fly has not as yet attained injurious abundance. The average damage 

 from the cloudy-winged white fly is estimated at about 10 to 15 per cent lower 

 for oranges where that species alone infests the grove than where the citrus 

 white fly is the species concerned. For injury to grapefruit the authors con- 

 sider 25 per cent a fair estimate of the injury by the cloudy-winged white fly 

 as compared with about 10 or 15 per cent by the citrus white fly. The total 

 loss in Florida due to the cloudy-winged white fly is estimated by the authors 

 at between $100,000 and $125,000 per annum at the present time. So far as 

 known at the time of writing the cloudy-winged white fly occurred in 12 coun- 

 ties in Florida. Outside of Florida, it has been collected at New Orleans and 

 Baton Rouge, La., Pass Christian, Miss., and Raleigh, N. C. It appeared at 

 Bakersfield, Cal., in 1907, but appears to have been eradicated from the State. 

 It is not known to breed upon any other plant than citrus in Florida, but has 

 been discovered infesting rubber trees (Ficus nitida) growing in the green- 

 houses in Audubon Park, New Orleans. 



The egg of the cloudy-winged white fly difi:ers from that of the citrus white 

 fly in that it is not greenish-yellow and highly polished, but bluish or grayish 

 black and roughened by a film of wax arranged in a hexagonal pattern. The 

 duration of the egg stage is in general slightly longer than that of A. citri. As 

 the bulk of the eggs hatch from 1 to 10 days later, a slightly higher number of 

 degrees of accumulated effective temperature are necessary, and hatching is 

 more evenly distributed though not always extending over a larger number of 

 days. It has been found that virgin females of this species will deposit eggs 

 and that these readily hatch and produce healthy larvse. 



The larvae of A. nubifera are slower in maturing than those of A. citri. 

 While this difference is not so pronounced during the warmer months of the 

 year, the total average number of days being 25.9 and 23.1, respectively, during 

 the cooler months it is very striking, the total average number of days then 

 being 56.7 for A. nuMfera, as compared with 30.4 for A. citri. In other re- 

 spects the duration of the larval instars for the 2 species is the same. Little 

 difference exists between the length of the pupal stages. It is estimated that 

 the maximum egg-laying capacity of A. nubifera is not far from 200. 



A note on the Indian enemies of Aleyrodes citri, with description of a 

 new species of Prospaltella, L. O. Howard (Jour. Econ, Ent., 4 {1911), No. 1, 

 pp. 130-132). — Investigations made in India by an agent of the Bureau of 

 Entomology of this Department have shown that the citrus white fly (A. citri) 

 occurs in that country upon citrus plants practically wherever they grow, even 

 in localities where citrus grows in the jungle. It was found to be under con- 

 trol, however, the concomitant smut fungus being discovered in but one instance. 

 The natural enemies discovered, and supposed to be responsible for holding 

 this pest in check, are JEgerita ivebberii, the smut fungus that occurs in 

 Florida ; two coccinellid beetles ( Verania cardoni and Cryptognatha flaves- 

 cens) ; and the aphelininid parasite Prospaltella lahorensis, here described as 

 new to science. 



Notes on the biology of the cochylis (Cochylis ambiguella) and eudemis 

 (Polychrosis botrana) moths, M. F. Picard (Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. [Parish, 

 152 {1911), No. 25, pp. 1792-17 9 J/). —This article consists of brief notes on the 



