ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 677 



linseed meal, gluten feed, and granulated milk rations. The phosphorus content 

 of the ration of one each of these lots was equalized with that of the animal 

 meal ration by the addition of bone ash, and as this caused an excess of calcium 

 in the granulated milk ration ground limestone was added to all the other 

 rations. The authors state that this experiment emphasizes the necessity of add- 

 ing ash constituents to rations composed entirely of vegetable products, and that 

 unless this is done development seems almost impossible with such rations. 

 Even the ration containing granulated milk was benefited by the addition of 

 bone ash. " Within 4 weeks the bones of the legs and breasts of the chicks 

 which were fed the rations containing linseed meal and gluten feed, without 

 ash, had begun to be crooked. Even with the ash constituents added these 2 

 concentrates were unsatisfactory." ' 



To compare the effect of the addition of bone ash and different amounts of 

 ground limestone to the ration 3 lots each of 14 two-weeks old Cornish Game- 

 White Wyandotte chicks were fed the same basal ration as in the previous ex- 

 periment, supplemented with cottonseed meal on an equal protein basis with 

 the animal meal ration above. Lot 1 received no added ash constituents, lot 2 

 enough bone ash and ground limestone to supply phosphorus and calcium equal 

 to the animal meal ration in the previous experiment, and the ration of lot 3 

 differed from that of lot 2 only in having 3 times as much limestone. The 

 experiment was begun October 26, 1907, and by December 2 all the chicks in lot 

 1 had died. The chicks in lot 2 began to show signs of leg weakness December 

 20, and 3 afterwards died. None of lot 3 died. The experiment was concluded 

 February 3, 1908, at which time lot 2 weighed 10.29 lbs. and lot 3 13.91 lbs. per 

 10 chicks. 



The concentrates mentioned above and beef scrap were compared in an experi- 

 ment in which the protein content of each ration was the same but the basal 

 ration so varied that the nutritive ratio was about 1 : 3, except that the nutri- 

 tive ratio of the linseed meal ration was lowered to 1 : 4 on account of stickiness 

 of the mash, and a lot was fed a ration of beef scrap, nutritive ratio 1 : 4, for 

 comparison. In addition mangel-wurzels amounting to about 30 per cent of 

 the weight of other foods were allowed. The chicks were Rhode Island Reds, 

 about 3 weeks old, 29 being in each lot. The live weight respectively per 10 

 chicks for the various lots, after 49 days, were as follows : On linseed meal 5.97, 

 cottonseed meal 8.77, beef scrap (1:4) 7.87, beef scrap (1:3) 9.51, animal 

 meal 6.13, gluten feed 6.89, and granulated milk 9.7 lbs. 



Bone ash and floats were compared as sources of calcium phosphate. The 

 only difference in condition of the bones that could be detected in the experiment 

 was that the legs of the lot fed floats were slightly more crooked than those of 

 the other lot. 



No advantage was derived by the addition of sugar to a ration for finishing 

 broilers fed a basal ration of corn meal, wheat bran, beef scrap, and whole milk. 



Different concentrates with limestone grit and a constant amount of bone ash 

 were fed to 7 lots, each consisting of 32 White Plymouth Rock chicks 3i weeks 

 old and fed a basal ration of corn meal, wheat bran, cracked wheat and corn, 

 and bone ash, supplemented with granulated milk, milk albumin (71.1 per cent 

 protein), cottonseed meal, gluten meal, animal meal, or beef scrap. As in pre- 

 vious experiments, the same amount of protein was supplied in the different 

 concentrates, and the amounts of corn meal and wheat bran were so varied as 

 to secure a nutritive ratio of 1:3, except that one lot was given a smaller 

 amount of milk albumin, making the nutritive ratio 1 : 4. Beets served as green 

 food. During the course of the experiment certain changes and additions in 

 the basal rations widened the nutritive ratio of all the rations about three- 

 fourths of a unit. The weight per 10 chicks at the end of 70 days was as 



