DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING. 681 



either with chloroform alone or with chloroform followed by chloral. The ex- 

 tracts, which in most cases had been boiled, were injected slowly and in small 

 amounts into a superficial vein, and the flow of milk measured both by record- 

 ing the rate of exudation of milk from a small and superficial cut into one of the 

 mammary glands (exudation method), and by the nipple method, where a 

 canula was tied to a cut nipple. By both methods the milk was allowed to 

 drop upon an electric recorder and the drops marked by an electromagnetic 

 signal upon the paper of a kymograph. In some cases data on blood pressure, 

 volume of the kidney, and rate of excretion of urine were recorded. 



The most constant positive results obtained were from extracts of the pos- 

 terior lobe of the pituitary body of the ox. The effect of the repeat dose on the 

 secretion of the mammary ghand was less than that produced by the first dose, 

 and in some cases failed to be recorded by the nipple method, although it could 

 sometimes be observed by the exudation method. The galactagogue substance 

 of the pituitary body was not present in the pars anterior, but only in the pars 

 intermedia and pars posterior of the gland. The galactagogue action ran par- 

 allel in time with the action of the extract upon the systemic blood vessels, 

 which were contracted by the posterior lobe extracts. It is probable, however, 

 that, as in the case of the kidney, the blood vessels of the mammary gland do 

 not share in the general constriction which this extract produces. The extract 

 of fresh corpus luteum from the sheep, prepared with Ringer's solution, also 

 yielded a definite positive result, but the effect was less decided than with the 

 extract of the posterior lobe of the pituitary. The active substance is probably 

 different, for its galactagogue action was unaccompanied by the same general 

 rise of blood pressure. 



To produce the galactagogue effect it was not necessary to employ a lactating 

 animal, as in one instance a free flow of fluid of serous appearance was ob- 

 tained from the incised mammary of a cat apparently virgin and not fully 

 grown. 



The galactagogue action of secretin, eserin, and nicotin was tested, but with 

 negative results. A dose of pilocarpin induced intense salivation and lacrima- 

 tion, but had no perceptible influence on milk secretion. 



A note is appended to the article stating that since the above paper was read 

 Dr. Mackenzie has found that extracts both of involuting uterine mucous mem- 

 bi'ane and of the mammary gland itself are markedly galactagogue and that 

 with regard to the action of the pituitary extract the source of this extract 

 appears to make no difference to its activity, the extract of the bird's pituitary 

 being quite as active in promoting the mammary secretion as that of the mam- 

 malian pituitary itself. He has also determined that atropin does not interfere 

 with the action of any of these galactagogues. 



Mycology of milk, H. Weigmaxn (Mykologie der Milch. Leipsic, 1911, pp. 

 XV I +261, figs. dlf). — ^A general treatise on the fermentation of milk and the 

 technique employed in the manufacture of dairy products. 



The different sections treat, respectively, of (1) the morphology and biology 

 of micro-organisms in general, (2) descriptions of important groups of bacteria, 

 yeasts, and molds occurring in milk and its products, and (3) an application of 

 the knowledge of these micro-organisms in the production of sanitary milk and 

 in the manufacture of butter and cheese. 



The distribution of the " long lactic bacteria " — lactobacilli, W. Stevenson 

 (Centm. Bakt. [etc.'}, 2. AM., 30 (1911), No. 16-18, pp. 3.'f5-3Jf8; Jour. Bd. Agr. 

 [London], 18 {1911), No. 4, pp. 307-314) .—The author reports that he found 

 the long forms of lactic-acid bacteria in ordinary market milk in Leipsic, Swiss 

 Emmental cheese, Deutsche cheese, Thiiringer Stangerkase, Cheddar cheese 

 from Scotland, sauerkraut, human saliva, feces of cows, and soil. 



