748 EXPERIMENT STATION RECOED. 



Windbreaks: Their influence and value, C. G. Bates (U. S. Dept. Agr., For- 

 est Sere. Bill. S6, pp. 100, pis. 20, clgms. i)5). — This bulletin comprises as a 

 whole a consideration of the protective value of timber tracts. The study Is 

 based on a large amount of data collected in the Middle West, which show the 

 effects of windbreaks upon field crops. From these data calculations of the 

 net value of windbreaks to the average farm have been mada 



Part 1 contains general observations relative to conditions in the region 

 studied, together with a discussion of the important winds of the United 

 States, the utility of windbreaks, how windbreaks act, and the system of meas- 

 uring influences. Part 2 outlines the methods of measuring various physical 

 factors, such as sunlight, soil moisture and fertility, mechanical power of 

 winds, evaporation, heat, and humidity, and presents in several diagrams and 

 tables the results obtained from measuring these various factors, together with 

 the conclusions which may be drawn from a careful analysis of the effects of 

 windbreaks on each factor influencing plant growth. Part 3 discusses the 

 direct results of windbreak plantings as indicated by the yields and market 

 values of timbers and presents data secured from plantations of Cottonwood, 

 green ash, silver maple, willow, honey locust, osage orange, Russian mulberry, 

 catalpa, white pine, and Scotch pine. Part 4, which summarizes the investi- 

 gation, discusses the calculation of the size of efficient windbreaks as deter- 

 mined by their value and form, gives a plan for the location of windbreaks on 

 a 160-acre farm in the Middle West, together with suggestions for the establish- 

 ment of windbreaks in the Northern Prairies, the Lake States, the Eastern 

 States, and the Southwest States, as well as the fruit growing regions of the 

 Pacific Coast States. 



From the investigation as a whole the author concludes that the right kind 

 of a windbreak in the right place is the source of profit and of comfort, and 

 that it has a considerable esthetic value on the treeless plains of the Middle 

 West. The prejudice which exists against the use of windbreaks is attributed 

 to 2 things : First, experience with poorly planned and poorly planted wind- 

 breaks, and second, a lack of appreciation of the protection and profit which a 

 windbreak affords. 



National Forest Administrative Act {TJ. S. Dept. Agr., Office Solicitor Circ. 

 5'f, pp. 9). — The substance of the decision of the Supreme Court of the United 

 States, including the opinion of the Court relative to 2 cases in violation of the 

 National Forest Administrative Act of June 4, 1897, is given to show that the 

 Supreme Court not only unanimously sustained the constitutionality of that 

 act, but also the Aalidity of the regulation of the Secretary of Agriculture 

 requiring persons, who desire to pasture stock on the National Forests, to 

 secure a permit and pay a fee therefor. 



Forestry in Norway, S. B. JMeter (Jour. BO. Agr. [London^, 18 {1911), No. 5, 

 pp. 385-39.i, pi. 1). — ^This comprises a sketch of the growth and work of the 

 Norwegian government forest service, together with notable examples of private 

 fore.st enterprises. 



Annual progress report of forest administration in the "Western and East- 

 ern Circles of the United Provinces for the forest year 1909-10, P. H. Clut- 

 TERBUCK and H. Jackson (Ann. Rpt. Forest Admin. West, and East. Circles 

 [In4ia^, 1909-10, pp. i8+7+i8+XC/Z-f//).— This is the usual progress report 

 relative to the constitution, management, and exploitation of the state forests 

 in the Western and Eastern Circles of the United Provinces, including a finan- 

 cial statement for the year. The more important data relative to alterations in 

 areas, forest settlements, surveys, working plans, forest protection and miscel- 

 laneous work, yields, revenues, etc., are appended in tabular form. 



A research on the pines of Australia, R. T. Baker and H. G. Smith (Tech- 

 nol. Mils. N. S. Wales, Tech. Ed. Ser., No. 16, 1910, pp. XIV +458, pis. 31, figs. 



